习题 12.4 编写一个程序，声明抽象基类Shape，由它派生出3个派生类：Circle、Rectangle、Triangle，用一个函数pritArea分别输出以上三者的面积。

习题 12.4 编写一个程序，声明抽象基类Shape，由它派生出3个派生类：Circle、Rectangle、Triangle，用一个函数pritArea分别输出以上三者的面积，3个图形的数据在定义对象时给定。

代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

class Shape
{
public:
	Shape() {}
	virtual ~ Shape() {}

	virtual double printArea() const = 0;
};

class Circle : public Shape
{
public:
	Circle(){}
	Circle(double r):radius(r){}

	virtual double printArea() const;

private:
	double radius;
};

double Circle::printArea() const
{
	return (3.14159 * radius * radius);
}

class Rectangle : public Shape
{
public:
	Rectangle() {}
	Rectangle(double h,double w) :height(h) , width(w) {}

	virtual double printArea() const;

private:
	double height;
	double width;
};

double Rectangle::printArea() const
{
	return (height * width);
}

class Triangle : public Shape
{
public:
	Triangle() {}
	Triangle(double h,double b) :height(h),bottom(b) {}

	virtual double printArea() const;

private:
	d