Hadoop 3.1.1 HDFS 集群部署

JP.Hu

已于 2024-01-21 10:41:32 修改

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分类专栏： Hadoop 文章标签： hadoop hdfs 大数据

于 2024-01-21 10:06:20 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42598916/article/details/135726131

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依赖服务

JDK 1.8.0_133
ZooKeeper 3.5.5：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42598916/article/details/135726572?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

系统优化

每个节点都需进行如下优化

# 按需求更改主机名
hostname hadoop1

# 关闭 SELinux
# 将 SELINUX 值更改为 disabled
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

# 需要重启后才可生效
# 查看 SELinux 状态
getenforce

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl status firewalld

# 安装 Chrony 服务
yum install chrony -y

# 配置 Chrony 服务
# 注释默认的 NTP 服务地址
# 配置所需的 NTP 服务地址
vi /etc/chonry.conf
server hadoop1 iburst

# 重启 Chrony 服务并配置开机自启
systemctl enable chronyd --now

# 查看 Chrony 服务状态
chronyc sources -v
210 Number of sources = 1
.-- Source mode  '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
/ .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined,
| /   '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable.
||                                                 .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
||      Reachability register (octal) -.           |  xxxx = adjusted offset,
||      Log2(Polling interval) --.      |          |  yyyy = measured offset,
||                                \     |          |  zzzz = estimated error.
||                                 |    |       
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
====================================================================================================================
^* hadoop1                        4   6   377    12    -28us[  -45us] +/-   75ms

# 配置免密登录
# 所有节点生成 id_rsa.pub
ssh-keygen -t rsa

# 将每个节点的 id_rsa.pub 信息，分别放入所有节点的 authorized_keys 文件内
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop1:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop2:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop3:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

# 最终效果
cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
# redis-nodes
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDwuKw9LdfDO3Ln+ViNtQEqZtH/RvoFymKkexBXRUK/2XcczKHPv967KHH71L/5vPOQPUXZLZg3TPERlRTIW9MvCh0LmceGAiQHrxczx56RnYh8nESknd2jbHBToGwqgoB8xsB2IQuhze0CqvRs7A0nrbyBvnUpg/DvePTOSSgii4z9kishBCbrCPamQm20drXVDK3gQ9Q+/YJLKa3+mxzI67xfk/jby0A0DD9XKL7fflRgMK0GXEtYsJ04tKc5Bo+w6Zc8gHyryFrKD4wpeoPakqmrdzaTVYI1x5WvrAPrQplxAP8iNfBqRJSHvlDBXVeXgSxz2I4HBshsStkKp root@redis1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDkspWeTwWoWyr6biMnefOYT4kh+7gPAboHAWe7p67IR9pfu+Rkk/vxLFDbi7X6Td9AhIXEZH6fY5BhihBzhRO/VtjE24QqnXdOLDHV1i0rSEYh6GOAbnVl/93lKidQF/2wvnQET31m1iwls3ul6aWw8/pOcxWy6kB+6MRiOExhu+0erE3jBFLcl+e0IJLKp/nLjCof/qWh3hLGVyhgMn/WmGhf7OyUbedXFqAwwS83/M60jSL1nB1lnIOoHrNSdnrN/GJVXmmwJjJAG4g4hbAg2zNind2rz6p4mq5k7iBbDUFghFwKKYsGeV0Onm7SKErFlHCJNFSOgfVNpaUYJ root@redis2
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+DGKAYw3tbdmv2GDsz3HEOdoKk8JVCEvDFczap2g3DoaqwEBkRag2l9IQ3RZL/WtpKe0f2vZzcm5t3d7e6YhyfEXRn1fjOmynTcykB13xAVrlRfJ6Sayur0OiPzWBktpNj8qaTKjwH+lyHGBwa5duqKiVEglEH2mX5grcOa/mH2Mo+IWsCYeCldKjfdBy2drlAim1fYvJwvtg0uDe8sfDUdDonG4phNOVaWB2u79SxKlGnGewGNuOrifIzkbc0mH9kNgrlw/xdSIqaFA738Yn/4n/kSe3BgceJ0wBowLzorgW2ogyGOdQp6MzBRlg/hxn4EDLJisrC9mSCMOOl root@redis3

# hadoop-nodes
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCvWawSJqu4/Adnu6TjvV8rVDAqTU2CGNaSBOTDjcytHHOaY8UiwUMKvXUJugBmRkyhtWhQPHrVSmOH6+qMnHk5XQcWBmce8qCQqDoz49WwyZH95ciY/ynKR9dzAJwXN5fvJEoKxBhSJLk27SDsgRUX05IAjTN5Wx05GCNC36CRGHr6bwsC5iK+nv1ZllkRPyqoICJcvVVoJFDe+svNwLJS8bEpTUS/3C6w1RdfEgGVK0/NLnmANz6VIu5LAZqOpwFcB8Zed3wgnoHUfDCSXLEUQbcgRxDvba7lcvOqbiNh4Tr6WctSHw0UD9PSK6AXdS0jAAyjZ1J5kbWaI+vmZ root@hadoop1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCwCqgQWDgw7sSqNer1oONzsFhoCWBmLqdWOQCcC7RYhD6kiVzdAEP7qZwWKRwoe/E++xP0+slgxsIsXGVoObGrlT3n+g/2xsgTCaBT/6sGV7k28UOozh76GlyfJjzavbwWE9Q2yR2mkb3/ILGE6CUNCkqqLuYEDTG4DxNupGhsGSYChAcjclzYFrMxDARiOJ8cahDjVlmGzFWxNhzJ36pFC1Rdyeu4CrtZ8tkuqQagGZqB63bVmvTiOM2fY8Wp8TNv0Zz2XmFmv7IUhpDXlPZdFCviwLYLLoJ9LTG32rO/jY0U78LFdDpsYdebthztNakKMZEhCqVIR+k1VMPtp root@hadoop2
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDHmj5qT64jSc3LCR2EBKB+12C1XxhFlc44X8zdf3mL8gbepG+ndMgBV4eombLg7QjZshCsjhk9d8esofAlrPk5tX/nWWHg3p5jYTh5/6V+iU7VDpWmMVN/87dsjBbmM9P6jTNiwqk4rdSXDKXkmrVygGHnEj95eP35Nq1JKg+GS7RjWWB0+loGQ4eYKO1nj2nYNOlNBi28CKh1uMWf42bDtcfKP3Z4gEOtPBD5rVPiU2Tq6jgtAs/VvaYGv5FHO4MB0lBE1ik8zp/4trfGU5hie/1PzCRAIvsqPEBSzeUs9nhHODj6vZYwgQupK9Qv5jEbQgh6pCGEfFZlfsC03 root@hadoop3

# 配置 OracleJDK
# 下载 Oracle JDK 并存放至指定路径内
# 配置 /etc/profile 文件
cat > /etc/profile << EOF

# Oracle JDK 1.8.0_333
export JAVA_HOME=/data/service/jdk/jdk1.8.0_333
export CLASSPATH=$:CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib/
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
EOF

# 刷新配置
source /etc/profile

# 查看 JDK 状态
java -version
java version "1.8.0_333"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_333-b02)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.333-b02, mixed mode)

# 配置 HOSTS 文件
cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
# redis-nodes
10.10.10.21 redis1
10.10.10.22 redis2
10.10.10.23 redis3

# hadoop-nodes
10.10.10.131 hadoop1
10.10.10.132 hadoop2
10.10.10.133 hadoop3
EOF

# 关闭 swap
swapoff -a

# 注销 swap 分区挂载
vi /etc/fstab

# 配置 vm.swapiness
echo "vm.swappiness = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

# 刷新配置
sysctl -p

# 配置 transparent_hugepage
# 临时生效
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled && echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

# 永久生效
echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled" >> /etc/rc.local && echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag" >> /etc/rc.local

# 配置 最大连接数
# CentOS6 的文件名为 90-nproc.conf
# CentOS7 的文件名为 20-nproc.conf
vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
* - nofile 655350
* - nproc 655350

查看 ZooKeeper 集群状态

$ZK_HOME/bin/zkCli.sh -server hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181
[zk: hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[admin, brokers, cluster, config, consumers, controller, controller_epoch, hadoop-ha, hbase, isr_change_notification, latest_producer_id_block, log_dir_event_notification, rmstore, spark, yarn-leader-election, zookeeper]

创建路径

每个节点都需创建如下路径

mkdir -p /data/service/hadoop/{hadoop_logs,hadoop_pid,hadoop_tmp,hdfs_nn1,hdfs_nn2,hdfs_dn1,hdfs_dn2,hdfs_dn3}

配置 /etc/profile

每个节点都需配置如下环境变量
以便于后续启停及使用 HDFS 相关脚本和命令

# Hadoop 3.1.1
export HADOOP_HOME=/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/lib

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME="/data/service/jdk/jdk1.8.0_333"
export HADOOP_HOME="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1"
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1/etc/hadoop"
export HADOOP_LOG_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_logs"
export HADOOP_PID_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_pid"
export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_DATANODE_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_ZKFC_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
export HDFS_ZKFC_USER=root
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_USER=root

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
    <value>hdfs://hdfscluster</value>
    <description>指定默认 HDFS 名称</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
    <value>/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_tmp</value>
    <description>指定 HDFS 临时文件存放路径</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.http.staticuser.user</name>
    <value>root</value>
    <description>指定 HDFS Web UI 操作 HDFS 的用户</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
    <value>hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181</value>
    <description>指定 ZooKeeper 地址</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>fs.trash.interval</name>
    <value>1440</value>
    <description>指定垃圾桶内数据保留时间。默认为 0，即关闭。单位为分钟</description>
  </property>
</configuration>

创建 DataNode 黑名单文件

touch $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-exclude.txt

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
    <value>
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_nn1
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_nn2
    </value>
    <description>指定 NameNode 元数据存放路径</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.hosts.exclude</name>
    <value>/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1/etc/hadoop/hdfs-exclude.txt</value>
    <description>DataNode 黑名单文件路径</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.du.reserved</name>
    <value>1024</value>
    <description>指定每块磁盘的保留空间。单位为字节。默认为 0</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
    <value>
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn1
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn2
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn3
    </value>
    <description>指定 DataNode 数据存放路径</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.failed.volumes.tolerated</name>
    <value>1</value>
    <description>指定 DataNode 最多能够故障多少块磁盘</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.replication</name>
    <value>2</value>
    <description>指定数据副本数。默认值为 3</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.nameservices</name>
    <value>hdfscluster</value>
    <description>指定 HDFS 名字，需与 core-site.xml 中一致。后续配置也与此相同</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.acls.enabled</name>
    <value>true</value>
    <description>开启 ACL 权限管理功能</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.disk.balancer.enabled</name>
    <value>true</value>
    <description>开启磁盘负载均衡功能</description>
  </property>
<!-- NN HA功能 -->
  <property>
    <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.hdfscluster</name>
    <value>nn1,nn2,nn3</value>
    <description>指定 NameNode ID</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn1</name>
    <value>hadoop1:8020</value>
    <description>指定 nn1 的 RPC 地址</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn2</name>
    <value>hadoop2:8020</value>
    <description>指定 nn2 的 RPC 地址</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn3</name>
    <value>hadoop3:8020</value>
    <description>指定 nn3 的 RPC 地址</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn1</name>
    <value>hadoop1:9870</value>
    <description>指定 nn1 的访问地址</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn2</name>
    <value>hadoop2:9870</value>
    <description>指定 nn2 的访问地址</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn3</name>
    <value>hadoop3:9870</value>
    <description>指定 nn3 的访问地址</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
    <value>qjournal://redis1:8485;redis2:8485;redis3:8485/hdfscluster</value>
    <description>指定 JournalNode 同步 NameNode 元数据的存放路径</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.hdfscluster</name>
    <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
    <description>指定高可用方案，失败后自动切换的方式</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
    <value>shell(/bin/true)</value>
    <description>指定 ssh 方案</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
    <value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
    <description>指定 ssh key 路径</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
    <value>/data/service/hadoop/hdfs_jn</value>
    <description>指定 JournalNode 数据存放路径</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
    <value>true</value>
    <description>开启自动故障转移。但开启后，手动故障转移将失效</description>
  </property>
<!-- 参数优化 -->
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.handler.count</name>
    <value>21</value>
    <description>NameNode 的服务器线程的数量。计算公式：20 * log2(集群节点数)</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.handler.count</name>
    <value>21</value>
    <description>NameNode 用于服务调用的服务器线程数量。计算公式：20 * log2(集群节点数)</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.handler.count</name>
    <value>21</value>
    <description>DataNode 服务器线程数。计算公式：python -c 'import math ; print int(math.log(N) * 20)'</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.max.transfer.threads</name>
    <value>8192</value>
    <description>指定在 DataNode 内外传输数据使用的最大线程数。默认值为4096</description>
  </property>
</configuration>

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/workers

hadoop1
hadoop2
hadoop3

分发配置

将 /data/service/hadoop 分发至所有节点

初始化 HDFS

1. 初始化之前需提前启动所有的 JN

hdfs --daemon start journalnode

2. 初始化 HDFS 命名空间，只需在 NN-Master 节点进行初始化

hdfs namenode -format hadoop1

3. 创建并初始化 ZK 路径

hdfs zkfc -formatZK

启动 HDFS

1. NameNode-Master

hdfs --daemon start namenode

2. NameNode-Backup

hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby

3. NameNode-Master

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh

验证 HDFS 状态

HDFS Web UI：10.10.10.131:9870
HDFS Web UI：10.10.10.132:9870
HDFS Web UI：10.10.10.133:9870
命令行查看

hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1
Active

hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn2
Standby

hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn3
Standby

hdfs dfsadmin -report
Configured Capacity: 454060661760 (422.88 GB)
Present Capacity: 422851436544 (393.81 GB)
DFS Remaining: 422851325952 (393.81 GB)
DFS Used: 110592 (108 KB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
Replicated Blocks:
  Under replicated blocks: 0
  Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0
  Missing blocks: 0
  Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 0
  Pending deletion blocks: 0
Erasure Coded Block Groups: 
  Low redundancy block groups: 0
  Block groups with corrupt internal blocks: 0
  Missing block groups: 0
  Pending deletion blocks: 0

-------------------------------------------------
Live datanodes (3):
Name: 10.10.10.131:9866 (hadoop1)
Hostname: hadoop1
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10601001984 (9.87 GB)
DFS Remaining: 140752515072 (131.09 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.00%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 10:26:13 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0

Name: 10.10.10.132:9866 (hadoop2)
Hostname: hadoop2
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10296947712 (9.59 GB)
DFS Remaining: 141056569344 (131.37 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.20%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 13:02:34 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0

Name: 10.10.10.133:9866 (hadoop3)
Hostname: hadoop3
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10311275520 (9.60 GB)
DFS Remaining: 141042241536 (131.36 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.19%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 10:53:26 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0

常用操作

# 获取指定参数的配置
hdfs getconf -confKey <config key>

# 创建测试文件
echo 1 > test.log

# 创建测试目录
hdfs dfs -mkdir hdfs://hdfscluster/test/

# 上传文件
hdfs dfs -put hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log ./

# 下载文件
hdfs dfs -get hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log ./

# 删除文件
hdfs dfs -rm hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log

# 删除文件并跳过垃圾回收
hdfs dfs -rm –skipTrash hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log