Gradle ext 和 def的区别

一、区别

不太明白gradle中ext和def的区别，stackoverflow【1】中有一段话解释了他们取得区别：

What is the difference between using ext.varname and def varname. E.g. the following code seems to work the same:

使用ext.varname和使用def varname有什么区别呢，他们的作用似乎是一样的。

task copyLicenses {
    def outDir = project.buildDir.absolutePath + '/reports/license/'

    doLast {
        copy {
            from 'licenses'
            into outDir
            include '*'
        }

seems to work exactly the same as

task copyLicenses {
    ext.outDir = project.buildDir.absolutePath + '/reports/license/'

    doLast {
        copy {
            from 'licenses'
            into outDir
            include '*'
        }

Keyword def comes from Groovy and means that variable has local scope.
Using ext.outDir means that you add property outDir to ExtraPropertiesExtension, think of it like project has a map of properties with name ext, and you put your property in this map for later access.

关键字def来自于Groovy，定义了一个local scope的变量。而ext.outDir是新加了一个property：outDir。可以想像成project有一个properties的map，这个map里面有一个键值ext，你把你的property放到这个map里面以便之后引用。