Gradle系列(四)-扩展属性

Gradle系列(四)-扩展属性

本篇文章主要介绍下gradle中的扩展属性.

扩展属性可以用于在构建脚本中定义自定义的属性，以便在整个项目中共享和使用。

1: ext扩展属性

根目录下新建dependencies.gradle. 添加内容如下:

ext {
androidClassPath = “com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.1.2”
androidCompileSdkVersion = 28
androidApplicationId = ‘com.zh.xpose’
androidminSdkVersion = 16
androidtargetSdkVersion = 28
androidVersionName = “1.0”
androidVersionCode = 1
}

1.1 当前文件下的任务调用

我们在dependencies.gradle下新建任务testExt.

task testExt{
println(“1:$androidClassPath")println("2:${project.ext.androidClassPath}”)
}

如上述代码所示访问方式:

1. 直接访问扩展属性

2. 通过 ext 对象访问扩展属性

1.2: 根目录build.gradle中调用

首先我们在build.gradle中引入dependencies.gradle,并替换classpath.

具体的代码如下:

buildscript {
    apply from:'dependencies.gradle'

    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath project.ext.androidClassPath
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

这里也是可以直接调用扩展属性的.

也就是我们可以将

classpath project.ext.androidClassPath

替换为:

classpath androidClassPath

1.3 : module的build.gralde中调用.

我们在dependencies.gradle中定义了versioncode,versionname等属性,那如何调用呢?

android {
    def ext = rootProject.extensions.getByName("ext")
    compileSdkVersion ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
    
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId ext.androidApplicationId
        minSdkVersion ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
        targetSdkVersion ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
        versionCode ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
        versionName ext.androidVersionName
    
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    ...
}

如上述代码:

我们可以通过rootProject.extensions.getByName(“ext”)来获取项目的扩展属性,通过ext.androidCompileSdkVersion调用我们在ext下定义的各种扩展属性.

2: gradle.properties定义属性

另外我们还可以在gradle.properties下直接定义全局属性.

# Project-wide Gradle settings.
# IDE (e.g. Android Studio) users:
# Gradle settings configured through the IDE *will override*
# any settings specified in this file.
# For more details on how to configure your build environment visit
# http://www.gradle.org/docs/current/userguide/build_environment.html
# Specifies the JVM arguments used for the daemon process.
# The setting is particularly useful for tweaking memory settings.
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
# When configured, Gradle will run in incubating parallel mode.
# This option should only be used with decoupled projects. More details, visit
# http://www.gradle.org/docs/current/userguide/multi_project_builds.html#sec:decoupled_projects
# org.gradle.parallel=true
# AndroidX package structure to make it clearer which packages are bundled with the
# Android operating system, and which are packaged with your app"s APK
# https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/support-library/androidx-rn
android.useAndroidX=true
# Automatically convert third-party libraries to use AndroidX
android.enableJetifier=true
test = "hello world"

如上所示,我们定义test属性.

这里定义的属性我们是可以直接调用的

1. dependencies.gradle中我们添加打印:

   task testExt{
       println("dependencies:"+test)
   //    println("1:${androidClassPath}")
   //    println("2:${project.ext.androidClassPath}")
   }
   

2. 根目录的build.gradle中调用

   dependencies {
       println "根目录build.gradle:"+test
       classpath androidClassPath
       // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
       // in the individual module build.gradle files
   }
   

3. subprojects下调用:

   android {
       println("subprojects :"+test)
       def ext = rootProject.extensions.getByName("ext")
       compileSdkVersion ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
   
       defaultConfig {
           applicationId ext.androidApplicationId
           minSdkVersion ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
           targetSdkVersion ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
           versionCode ext.androidCompileSdkVersion
           versionName ext.androidVersionName
   
           testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
       }
   	...
   }
   

编译输出如下:

> Configure project :
> dependencies:"hello world"
> 根目录build.gradle:"hello world"

> Configure project :app
> subprojects :"hello world"

> Task :prepareKotlinBuildScriptModel UP-TO-DATE

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 319ms