- session 要commit后才会提交数据库
add后query虽然可以查到新值,但其实数据库没有改 - 更改值不用update
query后 直接更改对象 最后commit 数据库里的值会自动更改 - filter
and
# or send multiple expressions to .filter()
query.filter(User.name == 'ed', User.fullname == 'Ed Jones')
# or chain multiple filter()/filter_by() calls
query.filter(User.name == 'ed').filter(User.fullname == 'Ed Jones')
or
from sqlalchemy import or_
query.filter(or_(User.name == 'ed', User.name == 'wendy')
返回结果
first() 应用一个限制并以标量形式返回第一个结果 找不到不会报错
one() 完全获取所有行,如果结果中不存在一个对象标识或复合行,则会引发错误。
这个 one() 对于希望处理“未找到项目”和“找到多个项目”不同的系统来说,方法是很好的all() 返回一个列表
- 关联对象
class Treasure(Base):
__tablename__ = 'treasure'
id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(30))
type = Column(Integer)
rank = Column(Integer)
owner_id=Column(Integer,ForeignKey('player.id'))
owner = relationship("Player", back_populates="case")
def __repr__(self):
return "<Treasure(id='%s', owner_id='%s'>"\
% (self.id, self.owner_id)
class Player(Base):
__tablename__ = 'player'
id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
ability = Column(Integer)
luck = Column(Integer)
last_work = Column(Integer)
last_search = Column(Integer)
treasure_num = Column(Integer)
money = Column(Integer)
tool_id=Column(Integer)
luck_trea1_id = Column(Integer)
luck_trea2_id= Column(Integer)
ForeignKeyConstraint(['tool_id', 'luck_trea1_id','luck_trea2_id'], ['treasure.id', 'treasure.id','treasure.id'])
tool = relationship("Treasure")
luck_trea1 = relationship("Treasure")
luck_trea2 = relationship("Treasure")
case = relationship("Treasure", back_populates="owner")
若查询得p
p=session.query(Player).filter(Player.id==x).first()
两边都定义了relationship 之后无论是进行以下哪种操作,效果都是等价的
commit后会在数据库中插入tr条目 并把owner_id设为p.id,不用写add(tr)
因为已经有了p,p与tr有了关系所以会自动插入tr
tr = Treasure(id=un.id, name=un.name, type=un.type,rank=un.rank)
p.case.append(treasure)
tr = Treasure(id=un.id, name=un.name, type=un.type,rank=un.rank,owner=p)
tr = Treasure(id=un.id, name=un.name, type=un.type,rank=un.rank,owner_id=p.id)