误差表示errorbar and shadederrorbar

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-04 10:00:22 发布

Alex龙雅

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-04 10:00:22 发布

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文章标签： matlab

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhouhuakang/article/details/78661661

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误差表示errorbar and shadederrorbar

1. errorbar

ErrorBar(误差棒图)，是统计学中常用的图形。ErrorBar图涉及到数据的“平均值”和“标准差”。

下面举例子理解误差棒图中涉及到的“平均值”和“标准差”。

某地降雨量的误差棒图[1]如图1所示，从横纵1月份的刻度值往正上查找时，可发现1月份的降雨量对应于一个“工”字型的图案。该“工”字型的图案的中间的点对应的纵轴的刻度值（大约12），表示该地1月份的降雨量的“平均值”，大约12cm。而“工”字型图案的上横线或下横线所对应的纵轴的刻度值到中间点（即均值）的差值大约为0.5，表示该地1月份的降雨量的“标准差”大约为0.5cm。

图 1 某地降雨量的误差棒图[1]

图1的例子来自参考文献[1],matlab代码如下

 %各月的平均值
 Average=[12,11,7,7,6,5];  
 %各月的标准值
 Variance=[0.5,0.4,0.3,1,0.3,0.5];   
 Time=1:1:6;
 %函数调用格式 errorbar(A,B,X)
 errorbar(Time,Average,Variance)    
 xlabel('月份');
 ylabel('降雨量/cm');

图1显示的是纵向“工”字型图案的errorbar,并且“工”字型图案的上下横线到中点的距离相等。参考文献[1]中还有其他形式的纵向的errbar的画法，比如“工”字型图案的上下横线到中点的距离

不想等的情况。参考文献[2]中还有横向的“工”字型图案的errorbar的说明。可点击参考文献[1][2]了解更多关于errorbar的内容。

参考文献：

1.《Matlab绘制误差棒图（errorbar函数的使用）》

2.matlab官方关于函数errorbar说明

2.shadederrorbar

shadedErrorBar是一个MATLAB函数，它在一条线而不是离散条上创建一个连续的阴影误差区域。可以显式指定错误区域，也可以根据函数句柄动态计算错误区域。可以通过输入参数和/或返回的绘图对象的句柄来修改绘图的外观。

shadedErrorBar,并不是matlab官方提供的api函数，而是一位大佬提供的，其开源代码和英文介绍可查阅参考文献[3]。从某种意义上来说，与ErrorBar不同的是，ErrorBar图中“标准差”和“均值”离散分布的，而在shadeErrorBar中则是连续分布的，

1、首先准备下载shadedErrorBar.m函数代码，github下载

在此我给出已经下载的代码

function varargout=shadedErrorBar(x,y,errBar,varargin)
% generate continuous error bar area around a line plot
% function H=shadedErrorBar(x,y,errBar, ...)
% Purpose
% Makes a 2-d line plot with a pretty shaded error bar made
% using patch. Error bar color is chosen automatically.
% Inputs (required)
% x - vector of x values [optional, can be left empty]
% y - vector of y values or a matrix of n observations by m cases
% where m has length(x);
% errBar - if a vector we draw symmetric errorbars. If it has a size
% of [2,length(x)] then we draw asymmetric error bars with
% row 1 being the upper bar and row 2 being the lower bar
% (with respect to y -- see demo). ** alternatively **
% errBar can be a cellArray of two function handles. The
% first defines statistic the line should be and the second
% defines the error bar.
% Inputs (optional, param/value pairs)
% 'lineProps' - ['-k' by default] defines the properties of
% the data line. e.g.:
% 'or-', or {'-or','markerfacecolor',[1,0.2,0.2]}
% 'transparent' - [true by default] if true, the shaded error
% bar is made transparent. However, for a transparent
% vector image you will need to save as PDF, not EPS,
% and set the figure renderer to "painters". An EPS
% will only be transparent if you set the renderer
% to OpenGL, however this makes a raster image.
% 'patchSaturation'- [0.2 by default] The saturation of the patch color.
% Outputs
% H - a structure of handles to the generated plot objects.
% Examples:
% y=randn(30,80);
% x=1:size(y,2);
% 1)
% shadedErrorBar(x,mean(y,1),std(y),'lineprops','g');
% 2)
% shadedErrorBar(x,y,{@median,@std},'lineprops',{'r-o','markerfacecolor','r'});
%
% 3)
% shadedErrorBar([],y,{@median,@(x) std(x)*1.96},'lineprops',{'r-o','markerfacecolor','k'});
% 4)
% Overlay two transparent lines:
% clf
% y=randn(30,80)*10;
% x=(1:size(y,2))-40;
% shadedErrorBar(x,y,{@mean,@std},'lineprops','-r','transparent',1);
% hold on
% y=ones(30,1)*x; y=y+0.06*y.^2+randn(size(y))*10;
% shadedErrorBar(x,y,{@mean,@std},'lineprops','-b','transparent',1);
% hold off
%
%
% Rob Campbell - November 2009
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Parse input arguments
narginchk(3,inf)
params = inputParser;
params.CaseSensitive = false;
params.addParameter('lineProps', '-k', @(x) ischar(x) | iscell(x));
params.addParameter('transparent', true, @(x) islogical(x) || x==0 || x==1);
params.addParameter('patchSaturation', 0.2, @(x) isnumeric(x) && x>=0 && x<=1);
params.parse(varargin{:});
%Extract values from the inputParser
lineProps = params.Results.lineProps;
transparent = params.Results.transparent;
patchSaturation = params.Results.patchSaturation;
if ~iscell(lineProps), lineProps={lineProps}; end
%Process y using function handles if needed to make the error bar dynamically
if iscell(errBar)
fun1=errBar{1};
fun2=errBar{2};
errBar=fun2(y);
y=fun1(y);
else
y=y(:).';
end
if isempty(x)
x=1:length(y);
else
x=x(:).';
end
%Make upper and lower error bars if only one was specified
if length(errBar)==length(errBar(:))
errBar=repmat(errBar(:)',2,1);
else
s=size(errBar);
f=find(s==2);
if isempty(f), error('errBar has the wrong size'), end
if f==2, errBar=errBar'; end
end
if length(x) ~= length(errBar)
error('length(x) must equal length(errBar)')
end
%Log the hold status so we don't change
initialHoldStatus=ishold;
if ~initialHoldStatus, hold on, end
H = makePlot(x,y,errBar,lineProps,transparent,patchSaturation);
if ~initialHoldStatus, hold off, end
if nargout==1
varargout{1}=H;
end
function H = makePlot(x,y,errBar,lineProps,transparent,patchSaturation)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Plot to get the parameters of the line
H.mainLine=plot(x,y,lineProps{:});
% Work out the color of the shaded region and associated lines.
% Here we have the option of choosing alpha or a de-saturated
% solid colour for the patch surface.
mainLineColor=get(H.mainLine,'color');
edgeColor=mainLineColor+(1-mainLineColor)*0.55;
if transparent
faceAlpha=patchSaturation;
patchColor=mainLineColor;
else
faceAlpha=1;
patchColor=mainLineColor+(1-mainLineColor)*(1-patchSaturation);
end
%Calculate the error bars
uE=y+errBar(1,:);
lE=y-errBar(2,:);
%Add the patch error bar
%Make the patch
yP=[lE,fliplr(uE)];
xP=[x,fliplr(x)];
%remove nans otherwise patch won't work
xP(isnan(yP))=[];
yP(isnan(yP))=[];
if(isdatetime(x))
H.patch=patch(datenum(xP),yP,1);
else
H.patch=patch(xP,yP,1);
end
set(H.patch,'facecolor',patchColor, ...
'edgecolor','none', ...
'facealpha',faceAlpha)
%Make pretty edges around the patch.
H.edge(1)=plot(x,lE,'-','color',edgeColor);
H.edge(2)=plot(x,uE,'-','color',edgeColor);
uistack(H.mainLine,'top') % Bring the main line to the top

2、选择shadedErrorBar.m文件黏贴到matalb的toolbox文件下面，我设置的路径是D:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2016b\toolbox\shadedErrorBaryy。然后选择matlab主页的设置路径

3、将预先设置的文件添加进去

4、检查是否设置成功

在matlab运行窗口输入help shadedErrorBar，如果出现以下情况说明 shadedErrorBar函数设置成功

5、最后运行

% Prepare data
y=randn(30,80)*5;
x=(1:size(y,2))-40;
yP = sin( linspace(-2*pi,2*pi,length(x)) )*20;
y = bsxfun(@plus,y,yP)+60;
% Make the plot
clf
shadedErrorBar(x,y,{@mean,@std});
% Overlay the raw data
hold on
plot(x,y,'.','color',[0.5,0.5,0.95])
grid on

% Prepare data for first line
y=ones(30,1)*x;
y=y+0.06*y.^2+randn(size(y))*10;
clf
shadedErrorBar(x,y,{@mean,@std},'lineprops','-b','patchSaturation',0.33)
% Overlay second line
hold on
shadedErrorBar(x,2*y+20,{@mean,@std},'lineprops',{'-go','MarkerFaceColor','g'});
%Overlay third line
y=randn(30,80)*5;
x=(1:size(y,2))-40;
yP = sin( linspace(-2*pi,2*pi,length(x)) )*20;
y = bsxfun(@plus,y,yP)+60;
% Make this line non-transparent
shadedErrorBar(x, y, {@mean,@std}, 'lineprops', '-r','transparent',false,'patchSaturation',0.075)
grid on