linux 内核head.s,Linux 内核原代码 head.s 部分注释

Linux 内核原代码 head.s 部分注释

发布时间:2006-06-03 00:09:39来源:红联作者:yy123

/*

* head.s contains the 32-bit startup code.

*

* NOTE!!! Startup happens at absolute address 0x00000000, which is also where

* the page directory will exist. The startup code will be overwritten by

* the page directory.

*/

.text

.globl _idt,_gdt,_pg_dir

_pg_dir:

startup_32:

movl $0x10,%eax @@ds,es,fs,gs指向内核数据段

mov %ax,%ds

mov %ax,%es

mov %ax,%fs

mov %ax,%gs

lss _stack_start,%esp @@ds送ss esp 指向stack_start (在sched.c定义)

@@进入保护模式的堆栈段的第一次变化，很奇怪

@@为什么堆栈段也可正向增涨？

call setup_idt

call setup_gdt

movl $0x10,%eax # reload all the segment registers

mov %ax,%ds # after changing gdt. CS was already

mov %ax,%es # reloaded in 'setup_gdt' @@ 有reload??

mov %ax,%fs

mov %ax,%gs

lss _stack_start,%esp

xorl %eax,%eax

1: incl %eax # check that A20 really IS enabled

movl %eax,0x000000

cmpl %eax,0x100000 @@这是怎么测的 0x100000为什么值，

@@明白，a20 not

enable,0x000000就是0x100000

je 1b

movl %cr0,%eax # check math chip

andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,ET,PE

testl $0x10,%eax

jne 1f # ET is set - 387 is present

orl $4,%eax # else set emulate bit

1: movl %eax,%cr0

jmp after_page_tables @@注意，用jmp 不call，不返回

/*

* setup_idt

*

* sets up a idt with 256 entries pointing to

* ignore_int, interrupt gates. It then loads

* idt. Everything that wants to install itself

* in the idt-table may do so themselves. Interrupts

* are enabled elsewhere, when we can be relatively

* sure everything is ok. This routine will be over-

* written by the page tables.

*/

setup_idt:

lea ignore_int,%edx

movl $0x00080000,%eax

movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0008 = cs */

movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */

@@ ignore_int 低16-->ax 高16-->edx高字

@@ 8e00-->dx 8-->eax高字

lea _idt,%edi

mov $256,%ecx

rp_sidt:

movl %eax,(%edi)

movl %edx,4(%edi)

addl $8,%edi

dec %ecx

jne rp_sidt

lidt idt_descr

ret

/*

* setup_gdt

*

* This routines sets up a new gdt and loads it.

* Only two entries are currently built, the same

* ones that were built in init.s. The routine

* is VERY complicated at two whole lines, so this

* rather long comment is certainly needed :-).

* This routine will beoverwritten by the page tables.

*/

setup_gdt:

lgdt gdt_descr

ret @@跳到main函数

.org 0x1000

pg0:

.org 0x2000

pg1:

.org 0x3000

pg2: # This is not used yet, but if you

# want to expand past 8 Mb, you'll have

# to use it.

.org 0x4000

after_page_tables:

pushl $0 # These are the parameters to main :-)

pushl $0

pushl $0

pushl $L6 # return address for main, if it decides to.

pushl $_main

jmp setup_paging @@再jmp

L6:

jmp L6 # main should never return here, but

# just in case, we know what happens.

/* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */

.align 2

ignore_int:

incb 0xb8000+160 # put something on the screen

movb $2,0xb8000+161 # so that we know something

iret # happened

/*

* Setup_paging

*

* This routine sets up paging by setting the page bit

* in cr0. The page tables are set up, identity-mapping

* the first 8MB. The pager assumes that no illegal

* addresses are produced (ie >4Mb on a 4Mb machine).

*

* NOTE! Although all physical memory should be identity

* mapped by this routine, only the kernel page functions

* use the >1Mb addresses directly. All "normal" functions

* use just the lower 1Mb, or the local data space, which

* will be mapped to some other place - mm keeps track of

* that.

*

* For those with more memory than 8 Mb - tough luck. I've

* not got it, why should you :-) The source is here. Change

* it. (Seriously - it shouldn't be too difficult. Mostly

* change some constants etc. I left it at 8Mb, as my machine

* even cannot be extended past that (ok, but it was cheap :-)

* I've tried to show which constants to change by having

* some kind of marker at them (search for "8Mb"), but I

* won't guarantee that's all :-( )

*/

.align 2

setup_paging:

movl $1024*3,%ecx @@pg_dir pg_table 清零

xorl %eax,%eax

xorl %edi,%edi /* pg_dir is at 0x000 */

cld;rep;stosl

movl $pg0+7,_pg_dir /* set present bit/user r/w */

movl $pg1+7,_pg_dir+4 /* --------- " " --------- */

movl $pg1+4092,%edi

movl $0x7ff007,%eax /* 8Mb - 4096 + 7 (r/w user,p) */

std

1: stosl /* fill pages backwards - more efficient :-) */

subl $0x1000,%eax

jge 1b @@ greater or equal

xorl %eax,%eax /* pg_dir is at 0x0000 */

movl %eax,%cr3 /* cr3 - page directory start */

movl %cr0,%eax

orl $0x80000000,%eax

movl %eax,%cr0 /* set paging (PG) bit */

ret /* this also flushes prefetch-queue */

@@页目录pg_dir=0 仅两项(8M),

@@pg1,pg0页表逆向填充，pg0的首页仍为零

@@这样映射，线性地址=物理地址

.align 2

.word 0

idt_descr:

.word 256*8-1 # idt contains 256 entries

.long _idt

.align 2

.word 0

gdt_descr:

.word 256*8-1 # so does gdt (not that that's any @@和前面head.S差一??

.long _gdt # magic number, but it works for me :^)

.align 3

_idt: .fill 256,8,0 # idt is uninitialized

_gdt: .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* NULL descriptor */

.quad 0x00c09a00000007ff /* 8Mb */

.quad 0x00c09200000007ff /* 8Mb */

.quad 0x0000000000000000 /* TEMPORARY - don't use */

.fill 252,8,0 /* space for LDT's and TSS's etc */

@@内核 逻辑地址(不含段寄存器)=线性地址