MATLAB图像处理实例详解(二)

1.整数型

>> a = 240;
>> b1 = int8(a)
b1 =
  127
>> b2 = int16(a)
b2 =
    240
>> b3 = uint8(a)
b3 =
  240
>> b4= uint16(a)
b4 =
    240

2.浮点型

>> a = 123.567
a =
  123.5670
>> b = single(a)
b =
  123.5670
>> c = int16(a)
c =
    124
>> whose
Undefined function or variable 'whose'. 
Did you mean:
>> whos
  Name      Size            Bytes  Class     Attributes

  a         1x1                 8  double              
  b         1x1                 4  single      

取整

>> a1 = round(-1.9) %就近取整
a1 =
    -2
>> a2 = round(3.4)
a2 =
     3
>> b1 = fix(-1.9) %舍去小数部分取整
b1 =
    -1
>> b2 = fix(3.4)
b2 =
     3
>> c1 = floor(-1.9) %结果小于浮点数就近取整
c1 =
    -2
>> c2 = floor(3.4)
c2 =
     3
>> d1 = ceil(-1.9) %结果大于浮点数就近取整
d1 =
    -1
>> d2 = ceil(3.4)
d2 =
     4
>> 

字符串的基本操作

>> S = 'Please create a string' %创建字符串
S =
Please create a string!
>> [m, n] = size(S) %计算字符串的大小
m =
     1
n =
    23
>> S1 = double(S) %计算字符串的ASCII码
S1 =
  Columns 1 through 9
    80   108   101    97   115   101    32    99   114
  Columns 10 through 18
   101    97   116   101    32    97    32   115   116
  Columns 19 through 23
   114   105   110   103    33
>> S = lower(S) %将所有字母转成小写字母
S =
please create a string!
>> S2 = upper(S) %将所有字母转成大写字母
S2 =
PLEASE CREATE A STRING!
>> 

字符串的连接和拆分

>> s1 = 'How are you!'
s1 =
How are you!
>> s2 = 'Fine, Thank you!'
s2 =
Fine, Thank you!
>> a = [s1, s2] %合并字符数组
a =
How are you!Fine, Thank you!
>> b = char(s1, s2) %连接字符串
b =
How are you!    
Fine, Thank you!
>> c = strcat(s1, s2) %横向连接字符串
c =
How are you!Fine, Thank you!
>> d = strvcat(s1, s2) %纵向连接字符串
d =
How are you!    
Fine, Thank you!
>> e = s2(7:16)
e =
Thank you!

字符串的比较

>> s1 = 'My name is Tommy'
s1 =
My name is Tommy
>> s2 = 'Nice to meet you'
s2 =
Nice to meet you
>> a = s1 == s2
a =
  Columns 1 through 9
     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0
  Columns 10 through 16
     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
>> b = s1>s2
b =
  Columns 1 through 9
     0     1     0     1     1     0     0     0     0
  Columns 10 through 16
     1     0     0     1     0     0     1
>> c = lt(s1, s2)
c =
  Columns 1 through 9
     1     0     1     0     0     1     1     0     1
  Columns 10 through 16
     0     1     1     0     1     1     0
>> d = s1<s2
d =
  Columns 1 through 9
     1     0     1     0     0     1     1     0     1
  Columns 10 through 16
     0     1     1     0     1     1     0
>> 

字符与数值之间的转换

>> num = rand(3, 3)
num =
    0.8147    0.9134    0.2785
    0.9058    0.6324    0.5469
    0.1270    0.0975    0.9575
>> s1 = num2str(num)
s1 =
0.81472     0.91338      0.2785
0.90579     0.63236     0.54688
0.12699     0.09754     0.95751
>> s2 = num2str(num, 10)
s2 =
0.8147236864     0.9133758561     0.2784982189
0.9057919371     0.6323592462     0.5468815192
0.1269868163      0.097540405     0.9575068354
>> s2 = num2str(pi, 10)
s2 =
3.141592654
>> int = 12345
int =
       12345
>> s3 = int2str(int)
s3 =
12345
>> s4 = mat2str(pascal(3))
s4 =
[1 1 1;1 2 3;1 3 6]
>> pascla(3)
Undefined function or variable 'pascla'. 
Did you mean:
>> pascal(3)
ans =
     1     1     1
     1     2     3
     1     3     6
>> num1 = str2num('123456')
num1 =
      123456
>> num2 = str2double('12345.6')
num2 =
   1.2346e+04
>>