FFmpeg结构体：AVStream

在看雷神博客的时候发现现在版本的ffmpeg的AVStream和雷神博客的已经不一样了，如果雷神没走的话估计已经更新了，雷神真的宝藏。我就自己记录下AVStream

贴上雷神的AVStream： FFMPEG结构体分析：AVStream

我们知道在AVFormatContext里就有AVStream，下面是AVFormatContext中AVStream部分代码

   /**
     * A list of all streams in the file. New streams are created with
     * avformat_new_stream().
     *
     * - demuxing: streams are created by libavformat in avformat_open_input().
     *             If AVFMTCTX_NOHEADER is set in ctx_flags, then new streams may also
     *             appear in av_read_frame().
     * - muxing: streams are created by the user before avformat_write_header().
     *
     * Freed by libavformat in avformat_free_context().
     */
    AVStream **streams;

AVStream就是存储视频和音频的结构体，他是在libavformat/avformat.h下声明的，代码有点长，声明如下：

/**
 * Stream structure.
 * New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
 * Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
 * version bump.
 * sizeof(AVStream) must not be used outside libav*.
 */
typedef struct AVStream {
    int index;    /**< stream index in AVFormatContext */
    /**
     * Format-specific stream ID.
     * decoding: set by libavformat
     * encoding: set by the user, replaced by libavformat if left unset
     */
    int id;
#if FF_API_LAVF_AVCTX
    /**
     * @deprecated use the codecpar struct instead
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    AVCodecContext *codec;
#endif
    void *priv_data;

#if FF_API_LAVF_FRAC
    /**
     * @deprecated this field is unused
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    struct AVFrac pts;
#endif

    /**
     * This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
     * of which frame timestamps are represented.
     *
     * decoding: set by libavformat
     * encoding: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header() to
     *           provide a hint to the muxer about the desired timebase. In
     *           avformat_write_header(), the muxer will overwrite this field
     *           with the timebase that will actually be used for the timestamps
     *           written into the file (which may or may not be related to the
     *           user-provided one, depending on the format).
     */
    AVRational time_base;

    /**
     * Decoding: pts of the first frame of the stream in presentation order, in stream time base.
     * Only set this if you are absolutely 100% sure that the value you set
     * it to really is the pts of the first frame.
     * This may be undefined (AV_NOPTS_VALUE).
     * @note The ASF header does NOT contain a correct start_time the ASF
     * demuxer must NOT set this.
     */
    int64_t start_time;

    /**
     * Decoding: duration of the stream, in stream time base.
     * If a source file does not specify a duration, but does specify
     * a bitrate, this value will be estimated from bitrate and file size.
     *
     * Encoding: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header() to
     * provide a hint to the muxer about the estimated duration.
     */
    int64_t duration;

    int64_t nb_frames;                 ///< number of frames in this stream if known or 0

    int disposition; /**< AV_DISPOSITION_* bit field */

    enum AVDiscard discard; ///< Selects which packets can be discarded at will and do not need to be demuxed.

    /**
     * sample aspect ratio (0 if unknown)
     * - encoding: Set by user.
     * - decoding: Set by libavformat.
     */
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;

    AVDictionary *metadata;

    /**
     * Average framerate
     *
     * - demuxing: May be set by libavformat when creating the stream or in
     *             avformat_find_stream_info().
     * - muxing: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
     */
    AVRational avg_frame_rate;

    /**
     * For streams with AV_DISPOSITION_ATTACHED_PIC disposition, this packet
     * will contain the attached picture.
     *
     * decoding: set by libavformat, must not be modified by the caller.
     * encoding: unused
     */
    AVPacket attached_pic;

    /**
     * An array of side data that applies to the whole stream (i.e. the
     * container does not allow it to change between packets).
     *
     * There may be no overlap between the side data in this array and side data
     * in the packets. I.e. a given side data is either exported by the muxer
     * (demuxing) / set by the caller (muxing) in this array, then it never
     * appears in the packets, or the side data is exported / sent through
     * the packets (always in the first packet where the value becomes known or
     * changes), then it does not appear in this array.
     *
     * - demuxing: Set by libavformat when the stream is created.
     * - muxing: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
     *
     * Freed by libavformat in avformat_free_context().
     *
     * @see av_format_inject_global_side_data()
     */
    AVPacketSideData *side_data;
    /**
     * The number of elements in the AVStream.side_data array.
     */
    int            nb_side_data;

    /**
     * Flags for the user to detect events happening on the stream. Flags must
     * be cleared by the user once the event has been handled.
     * A combination of AVSTREAM_EVENT_FLAG_*.
     */
    int event_flags;
#define AVSTREAM_EVENT_FLAG_METADATA_UPDATED 0x0001 ///< The call resulted in updated metadata.

    /*****************************************************************
     * All fields below this line are not part of the public API. They
     * may not be used outside of libavformat and can be changed and
     * removed at will.
     * Internal note: be aware that physically removing these fields
     * will break ABI. Replace removed fields with dummy fields, and
     * add new fields to AVStreamInternal.
     *****************************************************************
     */

    /**
     * Stream information used internally by avformat_find_stream_info()
     */
#define MAX_STD_TIMEBASES (30*12+30+3+6)
    struct {
        int64_t last_dts;
        int64_t duration_gcd;
        int duration_count;
        int64_t rfps_duration_sum;
        double (*duration_error)[2][MAX_STD_TIMEBASES];
        int64_t codec_info_duration;
        int64_t codec_info_duration_fields;

        /**
         * 0  -> decoder has not been searched for yet.
         * >0 -> decoder found
         * <0 -> decoder with codec_id == -found_decoder has not been found
         */
        int found_decoder;

        int64_t last_duration;

        /**
         * Those are used for average framerate estimation.
         */
        int64_t fps_first_dts;
        int     fps_first_dts_idx;
        int64_t fps_last_dts;
        int     fps_last_dts_idx;

    } *info;

    int pts_wrap_bits; /**< number of bits in pts (used for wrapping control) */

    // Timestamp generation support:
    /**
     * Timestamp corresponding to the last dts sync point.
     *
     * Initialized when AVCodecParserContext.dts_sync_point >= 0 and
     * a DTS is received from the underlying container. Otherwise set to
     * AV_NOPTS_VALUE by default.
     */
    int64_t first_dts;
    int64_t cur_dts;
    int64_t last_IP_pts;
    int last_IP_duration;

    /**
     * Number of packets to buffer for codec probing
     */
    int probe_packets;

    /**
     * Number of frames that have been demuxed during avformat_find_stream_info()
     */
    int codec_info_nb_frames;

    /* av_read_frame() support */
    enum AVStreamParseType need_parsing;
    struct AVCodecParserContext *parser;

    /**
     * last packet in packet_buffer for this stream when muxing.
     */
    struct AVPacketList *last_in_packet_buffer;
    AVProbeData probe_data;
#define MAX_REORDER_DELAY 16
    int64_t pts_buffer[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];

    AVIndexEntry *index_entries; /**< Only used if the format does not
                                    support seeking natively. */
    int nb_index_entries;
    unsigned int index_entries_allocated_size;

    /**
     * Real base framerate of the stream.
     * This is the lowest framerate with which all timestamps can be
     * represented accurately (it is the least common multiple of all
     * framerates in the stream). Note, this value is just a guess!
     * For example, if the time base is 1/90000 and all frames have either
     * approximately 3600 or 1800 timer ticks, then r_frame_rate will be 50/1.
     *
     * Code outside avformat should access this field using:
     * av_stream_get/set_r_frame_rate(stream)
     */
    AVRational r_frame_rate;

    /**
     * Stream Identifier
     * This is the MPEG-TS stream identifier +1
     * 0 means unknown
     */
    int stream_identifier;

    int64_t interleaver_chunk_size;
    int64_t interleaver_chunk_duration;

    /**
     * stream probing state
     * -1   -> probing finished
     *  0   -> no probing requested
     * rest -> perform probing with request_probe being the minimum score to accept.
     * NOT PART OF PUBLIC API
     */
    int request_probe;
    /**
     * Indicates that everything up to the next keyframe
     * should be discarded.
     */
    int skip_to_keyframe;

    /**
     * Number of samples to skip at the start of the frame decoded from the next packet.
     */
    int skip_samples;

    /**
     * If not 0, the number of samples that should be skipped from the start of
     * the stream (the samples are removed from packets with pts==0, which also
     * assumes negative timestamps do not happen).
     * Intended for use with formats such as mp3 with ad-hoc gapless audio
     * support.
     */
    int64_t start_skip_samples;

    /**
     * If not 0, the first audio sample that should be discarded from the stream.
     * This is broken by design (needs global sample count), but can't be
     * avoided for broken by design formats such as mp3 with ad-hoc gapless
     * audio support.
     */
    int64_t first_discard_sample;

    /**
     * The sample after last sample that is intended to be discarded after
     * first_discard_sample. Works on frame boundaries only. Used to prevent
     * early EOF if the gapless info is broken (considered concatenated mp3s).
     */
    int64_t last_discard_sample;

    /**
     * Number of internally decoded frames, used internally in libavformat, do not access
     * its lifetime differs from info which is why it is not in that structure.
     */
    int nb_decoded_frames;

    /**
     * Timestamp offset added to timestamps before muxing
     * NOT PART OF PUBLIC API
     */
    int64_t mux_ts_offset;

    /**
     * Internal data to check for wrapping of the time stamp
     */
    int64_t pts_wrap_reference;

    /**
     * Options for behavior, when a wrap is detected.
     *
     * Defined by AV_PTS_WRAP_ values.
     *
     * If correction is enabled, there are two possibilities:
     * If the first time stamp is near the wrap point, the wrap offset
     * will be subtracted, which will create negative time stamps.
     * Otherwise the offset will be added.
     */
    int pts_wrap_behavior;

    /**
     * Internal data to prevent doing update_initial_durations() twice
     */
    int update_initial_durations_done;

    /**
     * Internal data to generate dts from pts
     */
    int64_t pts_reorder_error[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
    uint8_t pts_reorder_error_count[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];

    /**
     * Internal data to analyze DTS and detect faulty mpeg streams
     */
    int64_t last_dts_for_order_check;
    uint8_t dts_ordered;
    uint8_t dts_misordered;

    /**
     * Internal data to inject global side data
     */
    int inject_global_side_data;

    /*****************************************************************
     * All fields above this line are not part of the public API.
     * Fields below are part of the public API and ABI again.
     *****************************************************************
     */

    /**
     * String containing paris of key and values describing recommended encoder configuration.
     * Paris are separated by ','.
     * Keys are separated from values by '='.
     */
    char *recommended_encoder_configuration;

    /**
     * display aspect ratio (0 if unknown)
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: Set by libavformat to calculate sample_aspect_ratio internally
     */
    AVRational display_aspect_ratio;

    struct FFFrac *priv_pts;

    /**
     * An opaque field for libavformat internal usage.
     * Must not be accessed in any way by callers.
     */
    AVStreamInternal *internal;

    /*
     * Codec parameters associated with this stream. Allocated and freed by
     * libavformat in avformat_new_stream() and avformat_free_context()
     * respectively.
     *
     * - demuxing: filled by libavformat on stream creation or in
     *             avformat_find_stream_info()
     * - muxing: filled by the caller before avformat_write_header()
     */
    AVCodecParameters *codecpar;
} AVStream;

在声明中，有几个比较重要的如下：

int index：用来标识是视频还是音频 一般0是视频，1是音频
AVCodecContext *codec;这个现在不怎么多用，这个是指向视频或者音频的AVCodecContext
AVRational time_base;
这里我们需要看下AVRational的结构体
/**
 * Rational number (pair of numerator and denominator).
 */
typedef struct AVRational{
    int num; ///< Numerator 分子
    int den; ///< Denominator 分母
} AVRational;
可以把AVRational看成一个分数，time_base是一个时间基数，这里的time_base和ic里面define的是不一样的，用pts*time_base 可以得到真正的时间
int64_t duration; 视频或音频的长度
我们可以用duration和time_base做乘法得到秒或毫秒
duration * ( (double)time_base.num / (double)time_base.den ) * 1000
注意 这里的time_base.den可能为0，所以自己可以写这么一个函数来做容错
AVRational avg_frame_rate;从名字可以看出 这是帧率 
AVCodecParameters *codecpar;(音视频参数） 这个参数是用来替代上面的codec的

下面是codecpar在AVFrame中的代码部分单独提出来

    /*
     * Codec parameters associated with this stream. Allocated and freed by
     * libavformat in avformat_new_stream() and avformat_free_context()
     * respectively.
     *
     * - demuxing: filled by libavformat on stream creation or in
     *             avformat_find_stream_info()
     * - muxing: filled by the caller before avformat_write_header()
     */
    AVCodecParameters *codecpar;

我们发现解封装的时候，是从avformat_find_stream_info()过来的，下面是AVCodecParameters的结构体，我觉得这个结构体可能可以单独开一篇文章

/**
 * This struct describes the properties of an encoded stream.
 *
 * sizeof(AVCodecParameters) is not a part of the public ABI, this struct must
 * be allocated with avcodec_parameters_alloc() and freed with
 * avcodec_parameters_free().
 */
typedef struct AVCodecParameters {
    /**
     * General type of the encoded data.
     */
    enum AVMediaType codec_type;
    /**
     * Specific type of the encoded data (the codec used).
     */
    enum AVCodecID   codec_id;
    /**
     * Additional information about the codec (corresponds to the AVI FOURCC).
     */
    uint32_t         codec_tag;

    /**
     * Extra binary data needed for initializing the decoder, codec-dependent.
     *
     * Must be allocated with av_malloc() and will be freed by
     * avcodec_parameters_free(). The allocated size of extradata must be at
     * least extradata_size + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE, with the padding
     * bytes zeroed.
     */
    uint8_t *extradata;
    /**
     * Size of the extradata content in bytes.
     */
    int      extradata_size;

    /**
     * - video: the pixel format, the value corresponds to enum AVPixelFormat.
     * - audio: the sample format, the value corresponds to enum AVSampleFormat.
     */
    int format;

    /**
     * The average bitrate of the encoded data (in bits per second).
     */
    int64_t bit_rate;

    /**
     * The number of bits per sample in the codedwords.
     *
     * This is basically the bitrate per sample. It is mandatory for a bunch of
     * formats to actually decode them. It's the number of bits for one sample in
     * the actual coded bitstream.
     *
     * This could be for example 4 for ADPCM
     * For PCM formats this matches bits_per_raw_sample
     * Can be 0
     */
    int bits_per_coded_sample;

    /**
     * This is the number of valid bits in each output sample. If the
     * sample format has more bits, the least significant bits are additional
     * padding bits, which are always 0. Use right shifts to reduce the sample
     * to its actual size. For example, audio formats with 24 bit samples will
     * have bits_per_raw_sample set to 24, and format set to AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32.
     * To get the original sample use "(int32_t)sample >> 8"."
     *
     * For ADPCM this might be 12 or 16 or similar
     * Can be 0
     */
    int bits_per_raw_sample;

    /**
     * Codec-specific bitstream restrictions that the stream conforms to.
     */
    int profile;
    int level;

    /**
     * Video only. The dimensions of the video frame in pixels.
     */
    int width;
    int height;

    /**
     * Video only. The aspect ratio (width / height) which a single pixel
     * should have when displayed.
     *
     * When the aspect ratio is unknown / undefined, the numerator should be
     * set to 0 (the denominator may have any value).
     */
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;

    /**
     * Video only. The order of the fields in interlaced video.
     */
    enum AVFieldOrder                  field_order;

    /**
     * Video only. Additional colorspace characteristics.
     */
    enum AVColorRange                  color_range;
    enum AVColorPrimaries              color_primaries;
    enum AVColorTransferCharacteristic color_trc;
    enum AVColorSpace                  color_space;
    enum AVChromaLocation              chroma_location;

    /**
     * Video only. Number of delayed frames.
     */
    int video_delay;

    /**
     * Audio only. The channel layout bitmask. May be 0 if the channel layout is
     * unknown or unspecified, otherwise the number of bits set must be equal to
     * the channels field.
     */
    uint64_t channel_layout;
    /**
     * Audio only. The number of audio channels.
     */
    int      channels;
    /**
     * Audio only. The number of audio samples per second.
     */
    int      sample_rate;
    /**
     * Audio only. The number of bytes per coded audio frame, required by some
     * formats.
     *
     * Corresponds to nBlockAlign in WAVEFORMATEX.
     */
    int      block_align;
    /**
     * Audio only. Audio frame size, if known. Required by some formats to be static.
     */
    int      frame_size;

    /**
     * Audio only. The amount of padding (in samples) inserted by the encoder at
     * the beginning of the audio. I.e. this number of leading decoded samples
     * must be discarded by the caller to get the original audio without leading
     * padding.
     */
    int initial_padding;
    /**
     * Audio only. The amount of padding (in samples) appended by the encoder to
     * the end of the audio. I.e. this number of decoded samples must be
     * discarded by the caller from the end of the stream to get the original
     * audio without any trailing padding.
     */
    int trailing_padding;
    /**
     * Audio only. Number of samples to skip after a discontinuity.
     */
    int seek_preroll;
} AVCodecParameters;

在AVCodecParameters中，有几个比较重要的可以来看一下：

enum AVMediaType codec_type;

   /**
     * General type of the encoded data.
     */
    enum AVMediaType codec_type; //表示编码的参数是音频还是视频

/*枚举类型如下：
/**
 * @addtogroup lavu_media Media Type
 * @brief Media Type
 */

enum AVMediaType {
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN = -1,  ///< Usually treated as AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO,
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA,          ///< Opaque data information usually continuous
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE,
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT,    ///< Opaque data information usually sparse
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_NB
};
*/

enum AVCodecID codec_id;

   /** 表示编码格式 到时候需要通过codec_id打开解封装器
     * Specific type of the encoded data (the codec used).
     */
    enum AVCodecID   codec_id; 

//这个枚举类型就有点长了 大家可以自己去看 在libavcodec/avcodec/h中

int format;int width;int height;

   /** 对视频来说是像素格式，对音频来说是采样格式
     * - video: the pixel format, the value corresponds to enum AVPixelFormat.
     * - audio: the sample format, the value corresponds to enum AVSampleFormat.
     */
    int format;

   /** 视频里面才有宽和高
     * Video only. The dimensions of the video frame in pixels.
     */
    int width;
    int height;

uint64_t channel_layout;

   /** 声道音频才有，这里会有一个函数可以直接用
     * Audio only. The channel layout bitmask. May be 0 if the channel layout is
     * unknown or unspecified, otherwise the number of bits set must be equal to
     * the channels field.
     */
    uint64_t channel_layout;

int channels; int sample_rate;int frame_size;

   /** 音频的声道数量
     * Audio only. The number of audio channels.
     */
    int      channels;


   /** 音频样本率
     * Audio only. The number of audio samples per second.
     */
    int      sample_rate;

   /** 一帧音频的大小
     * Audio only. Audio frame size, if known. Required by some formats to be static.
     */
    int      frame_size;

所以，如果我们获得了一个AVStream，我们可以通过他里面的AVCodecParameters得到很多东西，下面就用代码示例来看下效果

        //通过遍历获取音视频信息(ic->nb_streams)
	for (int i = 0; i < ic->nb_streams; i++)
	{
		AVStream *as = ic->streams[i];

		//音频 通过AVStream里的AVCodecParameters codecpar中的codectype来判断
		if (as->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
		{
			cout << i << " audio " << endl;
			cout << "sample_rate:" << as->codecpar->sample_rate << endl;
			//AVSampleFormat 音频
			cout << "format:" << as->codecpar->format << endl;
			cout << "channels:" << as->codecpar->channels << endl;
			cout << "codec_id:" << as->codecpar->codec_id << endl;
		}
		//视频
		else if (as->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
		{
			cout << i << " video " << endl;
		}

	}

我们可以得到下图结果

这里的codec_id是86018，来看下

视频的就不写了。大家自己去分析吧,最后，雷神牛逼！