FFmpeg常用结构体分析（二）：AVStream

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我们在分析AVFormatContext结构的时候提到其中的一个成员streams。使用该成员我们就可以得到AVStream对象。

unsigned int nb_streams;

AVStream** streams;

nb_streams是当前轨道数，就是流数量，streams是轨道的指针数组。一般而言一个视频文件会有一个视频流和一个音频流，那就是两个AVStream结构。

对于AVStream，我们常用的成员有：

//(1)标识该视频/音频流
int index;

//(2)指向该音频/视频流的AVCodecContext（已被废弃，不推荐使用）
AVCodecContext* codec;

//(3)获得AVCodecParameters对象，用于替代AVCodecContext（推荐使用）
AVCodecParameters* codecpar;

//(4)该视频长度；
int64_t duration;	

//(5)视频平均帧率
AVRational avg_frame_rate;
//其中，AVRational表示有理数，他有两个参数
//avg_frame_rate.num : 分子
//avg_frame_rate.den : 母
//平均帧率 = avg_frame_rate.num / avg_frame_rate.den

AVStream详细定义：

/**
 * Stream structure.
 * New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
 * Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
 * version bump.
 * sizeof(AVStream) must not be used outside libav*.
 */
typedef struct AVStream {
   
    int index;    /**< stream index in AVFormatContext */
    /**
     * Format-specific stream ID.
     * decoding: set by libavformat
     * encoding: set by the user, replaced by libavformat if left unset
     */
    int id;
#if FF_API_LAVF_AVCTX
    /**
     * @deprecated use the codecpar struct instead
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    AVCodecContext *codec;
#endif
    void *priv_data;

    /**
     * This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
     * of which frame timestamps are represented.
     *
     * decoding: set by libavformat
     * encoding: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header() to
     *           provide a hint to the muxer about the desired timebase. In
     *           avformat_write_header(), the muxer will overwrite this field
     *           with the timebase that will actually be used for the timestamps
     *           written into the file (which may or may not be related to the
     *           user-provided one, depending on the format).
     */
    AVRational time_base;

    /**
     * Decoding: pts of the first frame of the stream in presentation order, in stream time base.
     * Only set this if you are absolutely 100% sure that the value you set
     * it to really is the pts of the first frame.
     * This may be undefined (AV_NOPTS_VALUE).
     * @note The ASF header does NOT contain a correct start_time the ASF
     * demuxer must NOT set this.
     */
    int64_t start_time;

    /**
     * Decoding: duration of the stream, in stream time base.
     * If a source file