虚拟继承，虚函数的详细内存布局三

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已于 2024-03-06 19:29:41 修改

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： c++ 算法开发语言

于 2024-03-06 13:58:42 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42681937/article/details/136503197

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文章讲述了在C++中，当类D同时继承自B1和B2，且B1和B2都虚继承自B时，如何通过虚拟继承机制消除访问B函数时的二义性问题。通过介绍虚基指针和虚基表的工作原理，解释了为何虚拟继承可以避免内存中的数据成员冲突。

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测试四：菱形虚继承

4.1、菱形普通继承(存储二义性)

#pragma vtordisp(off)
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class B
{
public:
	B() : _ib(10), _cb('B') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "B::f()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Bf()
	{
		cout << "B::Bf()" << endl;
	}

private:
	int _ib;
	char _cb;
};

class B1 : /*virtual*/ public B
{
public:
	B1() : _ib1(100), _cb1('1') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "B1::f()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void f1()
	{
		cout << "B1::f1()" << endl;
	}
	virtual void Bf1()
	{
		cout << "B1::Bf1()" << endl;
	}

private:
	int _ib1;
	char _cb1;
};

class B2 : /*virtual*/ public B
{
public:
	B2() : _ib2(1000), _cb2('2') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "B2::f()" << endl;
	}
	virtual void f2()
	{
		cout << "B2::f2()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Bf2()
	{
		cout << "B2::Bf2()" << endl;
	}
private:
	int _ib2;
	char _cb2;
};

class D : public B1, public B2
{
public:
	D() : _id(10000), _cd('3') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "D::f()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void f1()
	{
		cout << "D::f1()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void f2()
	{
		cout << "D::f2()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Df()
	{
		cout << "D::Df()" << endl;
	}
private:
	int _id;
	char _cd;
};

int main(void)
{
	D d;
	cout << sizeof(d) << endl;

	return 0;
}

内存布局：

D中有从B1中继承来的B的数据成员，也有从B2中继承来的B的数据成员，如果d访问Bf()函数的话就会造成二义性，不知道是要访问B1中从B继承来的Bf还是B2中从B继承来的Bf

所以需要虚拟继承来解决二义性问题

4.2、菱形虚拟继承

class B
{
public:
	B() : _ib(10), _cb('B') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "B::f()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Bf()
	{
		cout << "B::Bf()" << endl;
	}

private:
	int _ib;
	char _cb;
};

class B1 : virtual public B
{
public:
	B1() : _ib1(100), _cb1('1') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "B1::f()" << endl;
	}
	virtual void f1()
	{
		cout << "B1::f1()" << endl;
	}
	virtual void Bf1()
	{
		cout << "B1::Bf1()" << endl;
	}
private:
	int _ib1;
	char _cb1;
};

class B2 : virtual public B
{
public:
	B2() : _ib2(1000), _cb2('2') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "B2::f()" << endl;
	}
	virtual void f2()
	{
		cout << "B2::f2()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Bf2()
	{
		cout << "B2::Bf2()" << endl;
	}
private:
	int _ib2;
	char _cb2;
};

class D : public B1, public B2
{
public:
	D() : _id(10000), _cd('3') {}

	virtual void f()
	{
		cout << "D::f()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void f1()
	{
		cout << "D::f1()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void f2()
	{
		cout << "D::f2()" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Df()
	{
		cout << "D::Df()" << endl;
	}

private:
	int _id;
	char _cd;
};

B1和B2都虚拟继承自B，内存布局：