什么是TTL消息
TTL是Time To Live的缩写,也就是生存时间
RabbitMQ支持消息的过期时间,在消息发送时可以进行指定
RabbitMQ支持队列的过期时间,从消息入队列开始计算,只要超过了队列的超时时间配置,那么消息自动的清除;针对队列,只要是这个队列的消息,就只有这么长的存活时间
注意:主要针对消息设置,跟交换机、队列、消费者设置毫无关系
消费端代码:
package com.ue.ttl;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import java.util.Map;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2、通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3、通过connection创建一个Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4、声明(创建)一个队列
String queueName = "test001";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
//5、创建消费者
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//6、设置Channel
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
while(true){
//7、获取消息
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.err.println("消费端: " + msg);
Map<String, Object> headers = delivery.getProperties().getHeaders();
System.err.println("headers get my1 value: " + headers.get("my1"));
}
}
}
生产端代码:
package com.ue.ttl;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Procuder {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2、通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3、通过connection创建一个Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put("my1", "111");
headers.put("my2", "222");
AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
.deliveryMode(2)
.contentEncoding("UTF-8")
.expiration("10000")
.headers(headers)
.build();
//4、通过Channel发送数据
for(int i=0; i < 5; i++){
String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!";
channel.basicPublish("", "test001", properties, msg.getBytes());
}
//5、记得要关闭相关的连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
死信队列
死信队列:DLX,Dead-Letter-Exchange;利用DLX,当消息在一个队列中变成死信(dead message)之后,它能被重新publish到另一个Exchange,这个Exchange就是DLX
消息变成死信有以下几种情况
- 消息被拒绝(basic.reject/basic.nack)并且requeue=false
- 消息TTL过期
- 队列达到最大长度
死信队列的特点
- DLX也是一个正常的Exchange,和一般的Exchange没有区别,它能在任何的队列上被指定,实际上就是设置某个队列的属性
- 当这个队列中有死信时,RabbitMQ就会自动的将这个消息重新发布到设置的Exchange上去,进而被路由到另一个队列
- 可以监听这个队列中消息做相应的处理,这个特性可以弥补RabbitMQ3.0以前支持的immediate参数的功能
死信队列设置
- 首先需要设置死信队列的Exchange和Queue,然后进行绑定:
Exchange:dlx.exchange
Queue:dlx.queue
RoutingKey:#
- 然后我们进行正常声明交换机、队列、绑定,只不过我们需要在队列加上一个参数即可:
Arguments.put(“x-dead-letter-exchange”,”dlx.exchange”);
- 这样消息在过期、requeue、队列在达到最大长度时,消息就可以直接路由到死信队列
自定义消费端代码:
package com.ue.dlx;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {
public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
super(channel);
}
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
}
}
消费端代码:
package com.ue.dlx;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//这就是一个普通的交换机和队列以及路由
String exchangeName = "test_dlx_exchange";
String routingKey = "dlx.#";
String queueName = "test_dlx_queue";
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
Map<String, Object> agruments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
agruments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "dlx.exchange");
//这个agruments属性,要设置到声明队列上
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, agruments);
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//要进行死信队列的声明:
channel.exchangeDeclare("dlx.exchange", "topic", true, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare("dlx.queue", true, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind("dlx.queue", "dlx.exchange", "#");
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new MyConsumer(channel));
}
}
生产端代码:
package com.ue.dlx;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
String exchange = "test_dlx_exchange";
String routingKey = "dlx.save";
String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ DLX Message";
for(int i = 0; i< 3; i ++){
AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
.deliveryMode(2)
.contentEncoding("UTF-8")
.expiration("10000")
.build();
channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes());
}
}
}