死信:由于某些原因导致队列中的消息无法被消费者消费,消息就会成为死信。
死信来源:消息ttl过期、消息被拒绝·,队列已达最大长度。
死信队列:为保护系统订单业务数据不丢失,当消息成为死信时,会将消息保存到死信队列中。
其架构图如下:
案例:一个生产者发送10条消息,消息5被拒收,进入死信队列,其他消息正常消费:
1、创建连接获取信道工具类,同时关闭linux防火墙和开启rabbitmq服务
//连接工厂,创建信道工具类
public class RabbitUtils {
// 得到一个连接的 channel
public static Channel getChannel() throws Exception {
// 创建一个连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("192.168.23.129");
factory.setUsername("user");
factory.setPassword("123");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
return channel;
}
}
2、生产者发送消息,声明交换机为direct交换机,发送10条消息
public class Producer {
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE="normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitUtils.getChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"direct");
//发送10条消息
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
String message="消息"+i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"normal",null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("生产者发送消息:"+message);
}
}
}
3、普通队列消费者
(1)获得连接,声明死信交换机,死信队列;
(2)声明普通队列,设置普通队列消息被拒收后,由哪个死信交换机接收,以及该交换机与死信队列绑定的路由;
(3)绑定死信队列与死信交换机,普通队列与普通交换机;
(4)接收消息回调函数,调用basicReject(消息标记,是否放回队列)方法拒绝接收:消息5,其他正常接收消息则调用basicAck(消息标记,是否放回队列)方法手动应答;
(5)调用basicConsume(队列名,是否自动应答,成功回调函数,失败回调函数)方法接收消息,一定要关闭自动应答。
public class Consumer1 {
//普通交换机
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE="normal_exchange";
//死信交换机
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE="dead_exchange";
//普通队列
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE="normal_queue";
//死信队列
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE="dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//连接获得信道
Channel channel = RabbitUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE,"direct");
//声明死信队列
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null);
//声明普通对列
Map<String,Object> argument=new HashMap<>();
//设置普通队列消息过期后死信队列是谁
argument.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DEAD_EXCHANGE);
//设置死信路由
argument.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","dead");
channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,false,false,argument);
//绑定交换机与队列
channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"normal");
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"dead");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback=(delivery,message)->{
String msg=new String(message.getBody());
//拒绝消息5
if (msg.equals("消息5")){
System.out.println("consumer1拒绝接收消息"+msg);
//false表示不被放回普通队列
channel.basicReject(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}else {
System.out.println("consumer1接收消息:"+new String(message.getBody()));
//消息应答
channel.basicAck(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
};
//参数二关闭自动应答
channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,deliverCallback,consumerTag->{});
}
}
4、死信消费者,创建信道,成功接收消息回调,调用basicConsume()接收消息
public class Consumer2 {
//死信队列
private static final String DEAD_QUEUE="dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitUtils.getChannel();
System.out.println("等待接受消息.......");
//声明,接受消息
DeliverCallback deliverCallback=(consumerTag, message)->{
System.out.println("Consumer2接收消息:"+new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"));
};
channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE,true,deliverCallback,cancelCallback->{});
}
}
5、测试
消息5被普通队列拒收,成为死信消息,放入死信队列,给消费者consumer2消费