javaGUI编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-12 01:24:38 发布

typ maxval

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-12 01:24:38 发布

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文章标签： java 开发语言后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42696010/article/details/123318455

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GUI编程

GUI是什么?

图形用户界面（Graphical User Interface，简称 GUI，又称图形用户接口）是指采用图形方式显示的计算机操作用户界面。 [1] 图形用户界面是一种人与计算机通信的界面显示格式，允许用户使用鼠标等输入设备操纵屏幕上的图标或菜单选项，以选择命令、调用文件、启动程序或执行其它一些日常任务。

组件

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标
键盘事件

1. 简介

GUI的核心技术: swing,AWT 这些并不流行

界面不美观
学院jre环境!
学习GUI有助于了解MVC架构,了解监听
学习GUI可以写出一下小工具

2. AWT

2.1 AWT介绍

包含很多类和接口
元素: 窗口,按钮,文本框

2.2 组件与容器

2.3 Frame

import java.awt.*;

public class Student {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个窗口");
        //设置窗口可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(300, 500);

        //设置窗口背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.RED);

        //设置窗口开始出现的位置默认是屏幕左上角坐标为(0,0)
        frame.setLocation(200, 400);


        //设置是否窗口大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

2.4 面板Panel

使用监听解决了窗口无法关闭问题

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Student {
    //Panel面板可以看成是一个空间,面板不能单独存在
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(200, 200, 300, 500);
        //设置颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.cyan);

        //设置panel坐标,相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50, 50, 100, 300);
        panel.setBackground(Color.red);

        //把面板添加到Frame上
        frame.add(panel);


        frame.setVisible(true);

        //添加一个窗口监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            //窗口关闭时干嘛
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.5 布局管理器

流式布局(从左到右)

public class Student {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");

        //设置为流式布局,靠左
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));

        frame.setSize(200, 200);

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

东西南北中

import java.awt.*;

public class Student {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //东西南北中
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

表格布局

import java.awt.*;

public class Student {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");
        //2行3列
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 3));
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.add(button6);

        frame.pack();//自动选择最优布局
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.6 事件监听

某些事情发生时要干些什么!

如键盘敲下就是一个事件

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Student {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
      //想要按下按钮触发一下事件
      Button button = new Button();

      Frame frame = new Frame();

      //添加动作监听器
      button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());

      frame.add(button);
      frame.setVisible(true);
      //添加关闭窗口事件
      CloseTheWindow(frame);
  }

  private static void CloseTheWindow(Frame frame) {
      frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
          @Override
          public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
              System.exit(0);
          }
      });
  }
}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
  @Override
  //按钮按下会触发此事件
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

  }
}

2.7 多个按钮使用同一个监听器

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Student {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //想要按下按钮触发一下事件
        Button button1 = new Button("开始");
        //设置按钮信息
        button1.setActionCommand("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("停止");
        button2.setActionCommand("button2");
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //添加动作监听器
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        //可以写多个按钮设置同一个监听器
        button1.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        button2.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.setBounds(200, 200, 500, 400);
        frame.add(button1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }


}

2.8 输入框TextField监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Student {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame().setVisible(true);
    }


}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    //按下回车键会触发此事件
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取一些资源返回一个对象
        TextField textField = (TextField) e.getSource();
        System.out.println(textField.getText());//获得文本域的内容

        //获取完毕后清空文本域
        textField.setText("");
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    public MyFrame() throws HeadlessException {

        //创建一个文本框
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        //设置输入文本域替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        add(textField);

        //监听文本框
        textField.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
        pack();
    }
}

设计一个简单的计算机类

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Student {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().setVisible(true);
    }


}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    private TextField textField1, textField2, textField3;

    public Calculator() throws HeadlessException {

        //3个文本框
        textField1 = new TextField(10);//字符最大长度为10
        textField2 = new TextField(10);
        textField3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //添加对按钮的监控
        button.addActionListener(new MyListener());
        //1个标签
        Label label = new java.awt.Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button);
        add(textField3);

        pack();
    }

    //监听器类
    private class MyListener implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String number1 = textField1.getText();
            String number2 = textField2.getText();
            textField1.setText("");
            textField2.setText("");
            int sum = Integer.parseInt(number1) + Integer.parseInt(number2);
            textField3.setText(sum + "");
        }
    }
}

2.9 画笔

import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends Frame {

   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    *
    * @param g
    * @since 1.7
    */
   @Override
   public void paint(Graphics g) {
       //设置画笔的颜色
       g.setColor(Color.red);
       //画画椭圆
       g.drawOval(100, 100, 100, 100);
       //画实心矩形
       g.fillRect(200, 200, 100, 100);
   }

   public Student() {
       setBounds(200, 200, 500, 300);
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
       new Student().setVisible(true);
   }


}

2.10 鼠标监听

 import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;


public class Student extends Frame {
    //存放坐标点容器
    private List<Point> list;

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        ListIterator<Point> pointListIterator = list.listIterator();
        //遍历容器内坐标
        while (pointListIterator.hasNext()) {
            Point point = pointListIterator.next();
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);

        }
    }

    public Student(String title) {
        super(title);
        list = new LinkedList<Point>();
        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 300);
        //添加鼠标监听器
        addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student("画板").setVisible(true);
    }

    //需要监听鼠标位置
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标 一般有:按下,弹起,按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            Frame frame = (Frame) e.getSource();
            //这里点击的时候就会在界面上产生一个点
            //存放在容器中
            list.add(e.getPoint());
            //每次点击鼠标都要重画一次
            frame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

2.11 窗口监听

  import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;


public class Student extends Frame {

    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 400);
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
    }

    private class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter {
        //窗口关闭时会触发
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            System.exit(0);
        }

        //聚焦到窗口会触发
        @Override
        public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
            System.out.println("激活");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student().setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.12 键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;


public class Student extends Frame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 300);
        //添加键盘监听
        addKeyListener(new MyKeyboardListener());
    }

    private class MyKeyboardListener extends KeyAdapter {
        //按下和释放

        //按下键盘
        @Override
        public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
            if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_A) {
                System.out.println("您按下了A键");
            }

        }

        //释放键盘
        @Override
        public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
            System.out.println("您松开了按键");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student().setVisible(true);
    }
}

3. Swing

3.1 窗口,面板

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student {

    public void init() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(200, 200, 500, 400);

        //关闭事件
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //添加组件
        JLabel label = new JLabel("你好!");

        frame.add(label);

        //获得一个内窗口
        Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
        //设置内窗口的背景色
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        //设置水平对齐方式,水平居中 
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Student().init();
    }
}

3.2 弹窗

 import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //获取内窗口
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        //绝对布局
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹窗");
        //绝对定位
        button.setBounds(30, 30, 200, 50);

        //添加按钮监听
        button.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });
        contentPane.add(button);
    }

    private class MyDialog extends JDialog {
        public MyDialog() {
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setBounds(100, 100, 300, 300);
            Container contentPane = getContentPane();

            contentPane.setLayout(null);
            JLabel label=new JLabel("我是广告");
            label.setSize(60,70);
            contentPane.add(label);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student().setVisible(true);
    }
}

3.3 标签

ICON图标

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyIcon().init();
    }

}

class MyIcon extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public MyIcon(int width, int height) throws HeadlessException {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public MyIcon() throws HeadlessException {
    }

    public void init() {
        //创建一个图标
        MyIcon icon = new MyIcon(20, 20);
        //把图标放入标签内
        JLabel label = new JLabel("我的Icon", icon, SwingConstants.CENTER);


        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        this.setBounds(200, 200, 500, 400);
        contentPane.add(label);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return height;
    }
}

ICON图片

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class Student {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyIcon();
    }

}

class MyIcon extends JFrame {

    public MyIcon() throws HeadlessException {
        JLabel label = new JLabel("表情包");
        //获取文件的地址
        URL url = MyIcon.class.getResource("img.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        //添加图标图片
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        //设置图片居中
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        contentPane.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.4 面板

JPanel面板

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {

        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        //边距为10
        contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));
        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("2"));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("2"));
        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("3"));
        JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("4"));
        //此处插入4个面板contentPane会优化排列
        contentPane.add(jPanel);
        contentPane.add(jPanel1);
        contentPane.add(jPanel2);
        contentPane.add(jPanel3);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(100, 100);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

滚动条JScrollPane

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();


        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("你好呀!");

        //滚动面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);

        
        contentPane.add(jScrollPane);

        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 400);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

3.5 按钮

图片按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        URL url = Student.class.getResource("img.png");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //将图片放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(imageIcon);
        //设置鼠标悬停效果
        button.setToolTipText("点击查看");

        contentPane.add(button);
        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

单选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
       

        //单选框
        JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton1");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton2");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton3");

        //由于单选框只能在多个选项中选择一个需要编入一个组
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);

        contentPane.add(jRadioButton1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton2, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

复选按钮

import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox2");


        contentPane.add(jCheckBox1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jCheckBox2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        

        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

3.6 列表

下拉框

  import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();


        JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
        jComboBox.addItem(null);
        jComboBox.addItem("A");
        jComboBox.addItem("B");
        jComboBox.addItem("C");


        contentPane.add(jComboBox);
        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

列表框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();


        //列表中的内容
        String[] strings = {"1", "2", "3", "4"};

        //列表
        JList list = new JList(strings);


        contentPane.add(list);

        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

3.7 文本框

文本框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();


        JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField("请输入账号");
        JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("请输入密码");
        contentPane.add(jTextField1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jTextField2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

密码框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();


        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();

        //设置输入替换编码
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('-');
        contentPane.add(jPasswordField);

        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}

文本域

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Student extends JFrame {
    public Student() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();


        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();

        //设置输入替换编码
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('-');
        contentPane.add(jPasswordField);

        setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Student();
    }
}