Truffle项目搭建、编译、部署、验证合约

环境依赖

1.nodejs
2.python

安装truffle

//安装
npm install -g truffle
//查看版本
truffle version

搭建项目

mkdir demo
cd demo

truffle unbox webpack

出现报错，网络被墙下载失败

修改 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 增加如下内容

# GitHub Start
192.30.255.112 gist.github.com
192.30.255.112 github.com
192.30.255.112 www.github.com
151.101.56.133 avatars0.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars1.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars2.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars3.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars4.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars5.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars6.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars7.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 avatars8.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 camo.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 cloud.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 gist.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 marketplace-screenshots.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 repository-images.githubusercontent.com
151.101.56.133 user-images.githubusercontent.com
# GitHub End

再次运行 truffle unbox webpack 运行成功

编写合约和脚本

constrcts目录和migrations目录默认会生成三个合约和两个脚本，为了演示简单方便，这里只用一个合约和脚本演示，将两个目录文件删除，加入以下的合约和脚本

//contracts\Test.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract Test {
    address public owner;
    uint public num;

    constructor(){
        owner = msg.sender;
    }

    modifier restricted() {
        if (msg.sender == owner) _;
    }

    function setNum(uint _num) public restricted {
        num = _num;
    }
}

//migrations\1_initial_migration.js
const Test = artifacts.require("Test");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
  deployer.deploy(Test);
};

编译合约

//仅默认编译自上次编译后被修改过的文件，来减少不必要的编译。
//如果想编译全部文件，可以使用 truffle compile --compile-all
truffle compile 

之前 truffle version 可以看到返回的solidity版本是0.5.16，而合约中我们规定的solidity版本要大于0.8.0，编译失败，所有需要指定solidity的版本，打开truffle-config.js，修改最下方的配置

  // Configure your compilers
  compilers: {
    solc: {
      version: "0.8.0",    // Fetch exact version from solc-bin (default: truffle's version)
      // docker: true,        // Use "0.5.1" you've installed locally with docker (default: false)
      // settings: {          // See the solidity docs for advice about optimization and evmVersion
      //  optimizer: {
      //    enabled: false,
      //    runs: 200
      //  },
      //  evmVersion: "byzantium"
      // }
    }
  }

再次编译，编译成功，生成build\contracts\Test.json文件

部署合约

ropsten测试币

这里我们把合约部署到以太坊ropsten测试链上，因为这个链测试币容易领取，测试币领取链接

配置网络

1.安装 truffle-hdwallet-provider

npm i truffle-hdwallet-provider

2 . 修改truffle-config.js 这里配置了两个环境，一个本地节点 一个ropsten

const HDWalletProvider = require('truffle-hdwallet-provider');
const mnemonic = "easily icon 。。。"; //助记词，使用该账户来部署合约
module.exports = {
  
  networks: {
    //本地环境
    development: {
     host: "127.0.0.1",     // Localhost (default: none)
     port: 7545,            // Standard Ethereum port (default: none)
     network_id: "*",       // Any network (default: none)
    },
    //ropsten
    ropsten: {
      provider: () => new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, `https://ropsten.infura.io/v3/9aa3d95b3bc440fa88ea12eaa4456161`),
      network_id: 3,       // Ropsten's id
      networkCheckTimeout: 10000,
      gas: 5500000,        // Ropsten has a lower block limit than mainnet
      timeoutBlocks: 200,  // # of blocks before a deployment times out  (minimum/default: 50)
      skipDryRun: true     // Skip dry run before migrations? (default: false for public nets )
    },
    // Configure your compilers
  compilers: {
    solc: {
      version: "0.8.0",    // Fetch exact version from solc-bin (default: truffle's version)
    }
  }
}

部署

//--network ropsten 使用配置中networks下的ropsten网络
//多合约下，默认仅部署新合约，重新全部执行 --reset
truffle migrate --network ropsten

部署成功，复制合约地址到区块浏览器查看

验证合约

安装 truffle-plugin-verify

npm i truffle-plugin-verify

获取api key

区块浏览器注册账号(需要切换到主网，测试网没有登陆注册)，登录后 https://etherscan.io/myapikey 获取api key

修改truffle-config.js

区块浏览器无法直接访问，需要代理访问， truffle-config.js 增加如下内容，配置代理，引入验证插件，配置apiKey

  verify: {
    proxy: {
     host: '127.0.0.1',
     port: '19180'
   }
  },
  plugins: [
    'truffle-plugin-verify'
  ],
  api_keys: {
    etherscan: 'API_KEY',
  },

验证合约

truffle run verify Test --network ropsten

验证成功，刷新区块浏览器可以看到合约代码已验证