1、题目大意
- 题目链接 UVa 572
- 识别六种象形文字的像素表示然后输出对应的字符。
- 每个符号都是一个四连块;符号之间不会接触也不包含;符号可以随意拉伸但不会拉断。
2、解题思路
- 每个符号都有一个特征量即内部洞的个数,可以 用 dfs 求连通块的思路求得符号的内部洞的个数来识别相应字符。
- 输入为十六进制,需要转换成二进制。
- 从像素图的四条边出发进行 dfs ,将象形文字外部的所有像素全标记为 -1。
- 遍历像素图,如果像素点为 1,则此像素点为某个象形文字的一部分,遍历该象形文字本身,将象形文字本身的所有像素标记为 -1,在遍历象形文字本身的同时,如果某个像素点为 0,则此像素点为象形文字内部某个洞的一部分,遍历此洞,将所有像素标记为 -1。记录象形文字的个数及某个象形文字内部洞的个数。
- 统计排序输出结果。
3、参考代码
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cctype>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int h, w, pic[210][210], cnt = 0;
char id[6] = { 'W','A','K','J','S','D' };
int ans[50];
void dfs_pre(int i, int j) { //预处理,将象形文字外面的像素全置为 -1
if (i < 0 || i >= h || j < 0 || j >= 4 * w) return; //出界
if (pic[i][j] == 1 || pic[i][j] == -1) return; //遇到象形文字的边界或者已经处理过
else if (pic[i][j] == 0) {
pic[i][j] = -1;
dfs_pre(i - 1, j); dfs_pre(i + 1, j);
dfs_pre(i, j - 1); dfs_pre(i, j + 1);
}
}
void dfs2(int i, int j) { // dfs 象形文字内部
if (i < 0 || i >= h || j < 0 || j >= 4 * w) return;
if (pic[i][j] == 1 || pic[i][j] == -1) return; //遇到边界或者已经处理过
else if (pic[i][j] == 0) {
pic[i][j] = -1;
dfs2(i - 1, j); dfs2(i + 1, j);
dfs2(i, j - 1); dfs2(i, j + 1);
}
}
void dfs1(int i, int j, int cnt) { // dfs 象形文字本身,cnt表示第几个象形文字
if (i < 0 || i >= h || j < 0 || j >= 4 * w) return;
if (pic[i][j] == -1) return; //遇到外部边界或者已经处理过
else if (pic[i][j] == 1) { //遇到象形文字本身
pic[i][j] = -1;
dfs1(i - 1, j, cnt); dfs1(i + 1, j, cnt);
dfs1(i, j - 1, cnt); dfs1(i, j + 1, cnt);
}
else if (pic[i][j] == 0) { //遇到象形文字内部
ans[cnt]++;
dfs2(i, j);
}
}
int main() {
int kase = 0;
while (cin >> h >> w && h && w) {
fill(ans, ans + 50, 0);
cnt = 0;
//输入
for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 4 * w; j += 4) {
char c; int t;
cin >> c;
if (isdigit(c)) t = c - '0'; else t = c - 'a' + 10;
pic[i][j] = t / 8;
pic[i][j + 1] = t % 8 / 4;
pic[i][j + 2] = t % 4 / 2;
pic[i][j + 3] = t % 2;
}
//预处理,将象形文字外部的像素置为-1
for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) {
if (pic[i][0] == 0) dfs_pre(i, 0);
if (pic[i][4 * w - 1] == 0) dfs_pre(i, 4 * w - 1);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4 * w; i++) {
if (pic[0][i] == 0) dfs_pre(0, i);
if (pic[h - 1][i] == 0) dfs_pre(h - 1, i);
}
//统计象形文字个数和每个象形文字内部洞的个数
for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 4 * w; j++)
if (pic[i][j] == 1)
dfs1(i, j, ++cnt);
vector <char> v;
for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++)
v.push_back(id[ans[i] - 0]);
sort(v.begin(), v.end());
cout << "Case " << ++kase << ": ";
for (auto i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); i++)
cout << *i;
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
4、解题感悟
- 思路比较简单,主要就是实现起来有很多细节需要注意。
- 注意 fill 和 memset 的区别。
- VS2017 一开始运行的时候提示栈溢出,需要更改堆栈保留大小。
- 这里贴出网上搜到的几组测试数据:
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Case 3: AKW
Case 4: DWWW
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Case 7: ADJKSW
Case 8: WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
Case 9: AKW
Case 10: AAAAA