UVa1103 （古老的象形符号 Ancient Messages）

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-13 12:00:11 发布
最新推荐文章于 2020-12-13 12:00:11 发布
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分类专栏： 数据结构 文章标签： DFS
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42717165/article/details/86593461
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1、题目大意

  1. 题目链接 UVa 572
  2. 识别六种象形文字的像素表示然后输出对应的字符。
  3. 每个符号都是一个四连块；符号之间不会接触也不包含；符号可以随意拉伸但不会拉断。

2、解题思路

  1. 每个符号都有一个特征量即内部洞的个数，可以 用 dfs 求连通块的思路求得符号的内部洞的个数来识别相应字符。
  2. 输入为十六进制，需要转换成二进制。
  3. 从像素图的四条边出发进行 dfs ，将象形文字外部的所有像素全标记为 -1。
  4. 遍历像素图，如果像素点为 1，则此像素点为某个象形文字的一部分，遍历该象形文字本身，将象形文字本身的所有像素标记为 -1，在遍历象形文字本身的同时，如果某个像素点为 0，则此像素点为象形文字内部某个洞的一部分，遍历此洞，将所有像素标记为 -1。记录象形文字的个数及某个象形文字内部洞的个数。
  5. 统计排序输出结果。

3、参考代码

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cctype>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

int h, w, pic[210][210], cnt = 0;
char id[6] = { 'W','A','K','J','S','D' };
int ans[50];

void dfs_pre(int i, int j) {		//预处理，将象形文字外面的像素全置为 -1 
	if (i < 0 || i >= h || j < 0 || j >= 4 * w) return;		//出界
	if (pic[i][j] == 1 || pic[i][j] == -1) return;		//遇到象形文字的边界或者已经处理过
	else if (pic[i][j] == 0) {
		pic[i][j] = -1;
		dfs_pre(i - 1, j); dfs_pre(i + 1, j);
		dfs_pre(i, j - 1); dfs_pre(i, j + 1);
	}
}

void dfs2(int i, int j) {			// dfs 象形文字内部
	if (i < 0 || i >= h || j < 0 || j >= 4 * w) return;
	if (pic[i][j] == 1 || pic[i][j] == -1) return;	//遇到边界或者已经处理过
	else if (pic[i][j] == 0) {
		pic[i][j] = -1;
		dfs2(i - 1, j); dfs2(i + 1, j);
		dfs2(i, j - 1); dfs2(i, j + 1);
	}
}

void dfs1(int i, int j, int cnt) {	// dfs 象形文字本身，cnt表示第几个象形文字
	if (i < 0 || i >= h || j < 0 || j >= 4 * w) return;
	if (pic[i][j] == -1) return;	//遇到外部边界或者已经处理过
	else if (pic[i][j] == 1) {		//遇到象形文字本身
		pic[i][j] = -1;
		dfs1(i - 1, j, cnt); dfs1(i + 1, j, cnt);
		dfs1(i, j - 1, cnt); dfs1(i, j + 1, cnt);
	}
	else if (pic[i][j] == 0) {		//遇到象形文字内部
		ans[cnt]++;
		dfs2(i, j);
	}
}

int main() {
	int kase = 0;
	while (cin >> h >> w && h && w) {
		fill(ans, ans + 50, 0);
		cnt = 0;
		//输入
		for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
			for (int j = 0; j < 4 * w; j += 4) {
				char c;	int t;
				cin >> c;
				if (isdigit(c)) t = c - '0'; else t = c - 'a' + 10;
				pic[i][j] = t / 8;
				pic[i][j + 1] = t % 8 / 4;
				pic[i][j + 2] = t % 4 / 2;
				pic[i][j + 3] = t % 2;
			}
		//预处理，将象形文字外部的像素置为-1
		for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) {
			if (pic[i][0] == 0) dfs_pre(i, 0);
			if (pic[i][4 * w - 1] == 0) dfs_pre(i, 4 * w - 1);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 4 * w; i++) {
			if (pic[0][i] == 0) dfs_pre(0, i);
			if (pic[h - 1][i] == 0) dfs_pre(h - 1, i);
		}
		//统计象形文字个数和每个象形文字内部洞的个数
		for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
			for (int j = 0; j < 4 * w; j++) 
				if (pic[i][j] == 1)  
					dfs1(i, j, ++cnt);
		vector <char> v;
		for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++)
			v.push_back(id[ans[i] - 0]);
		sort(v.begin(), v.end());
		cout << "Case " << ++kase << ": ";
		for (auto i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); i++)
			cout << *i;
		cout << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

4、解题感悟

  1. 思路比较简单，主要就是实现起来有很多细节需要注意。
  2. 注意 fill 和 memset 的区别。
  3. VS2017 一开始运行的时候提示栈溢出，需要更改堆栈保留大小。
  4. 这里贴出网上搜到的几组测试数据： 
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0 0

    Case 1: A
Case 2: WW
Case 3: AKW
Case 4: DWWW
Case 5: WWWWWWWW
Case 6: J
Case 7: ADJKSW
Case 8: WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
Case 9: AKW
Case 10: AAAAA

     

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专栏目录
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每个象形字中有不同数量的空白区域，因此寻找象形字中的空白区域，根据空白区域的数量来判断是哪个象形文字 ，最后#include using namespace std; int map1[250][250]; int h,w; string s; int dir[4][2]={-1,0,0,1,1,0,0,-1}; int cnt; void dfs(int x,int y) { if(m
UVA 1103 Ancient Messages (DFS)
舒哥的blog
06-20 1368
起初学习dfs的时候 看不懂这个题目  回过头来今天看的时候思路相对比较清晰了。但还是想不到怎么处理 查询有多少个空白洞。并且一个图中还有好多个象形字符。网上思路是 在周围扩展一圈0，使得文字之外的所有0 都连通，一次dfs标记所有文字之外的0为-1。然后遍历图，发现1就沿着有1 的路径dfs2，在这个过程中，如果发现0，那么必然是文字内部的空洞，此时把空洞dfs 置为-1，标记以后不再走。那么发
UVa 1103 - Ancient Messages （DFS）
ZmiL_
03-03 903
刚看的时候一头雾水， 而且没有样例， 所以没做。 做的时候听了一个同学的建议， 处理了边界， 方法很好。
使用HashMap解决UVA10282 Babelfish问题
"本代码是一个解决UVA在线判题平台上的问题[UVA10282] Babelfish的Java程序。程序通过读取输入的字符串对，构建一个映射关系，然后根据新的查询从映射中找出对应的翻译结果。" 这个Java程序设计用于处理一种简单的...
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