人工智能实践：Tensorflow笔记：代码总结（4）

1.自制数据集：

因为是图像的例子，没太仔细看
提取要点：就是第一次读的话要处理并保存，之后读的话直接从保存的当中取出就可以啦。

import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import os

# 该代码属于自制数据集的扩展。


train_path = './mnist_image_label/mnist_train_jpg_60000/'
train_txt = './mnist_image_label/mnist_train_jpg_60000.txt'
x_train_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_x_train.npy'
y_train_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_y_train.npy'

test_path = './mnist_image_label/mnist_test_jpg_10000/'
test_txt = './mnist_image_label/mnist_test_jpg_10000.txt'
x_test_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_x_test.npy'
y_test_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_y_test.npy'

# 返回输入特征和标签
def generateds(path, txt):
    f = open(txt, 'r')  # 以只读形式打开txt文件
    contents = f.readlines()  # 读取文件中 所有行
    f.close()  # 关闭txt文件
    x, y_ = [], []  # 建立空列表
    for content in contents:  # 逐行取出
        value = content.split()  # 以空格分开，图片路径为value[0] , 标签为value[1] , 存入列表
        img_path = path + value[0]  # 拼出图片路径和文件名
        img = Image.open(img_path)  # 读入图片
        img = np.array(img.convert('L'))  # 图片变为8位宽灰度值的np.array格式
        img = img / 255.  # 数据归一化 （实现预处理）
        x.append(img)  # 归一化后的数据，贴到列表x
        y_.append(value[1])  # 标签贴到列表y_
        print('loading : ' + content)  # 打印状态提示

    x = np.array(x)  # 变为np.array格式
    y_ = np.array(y_)  # 变为np.array格式
    y_ = y_.astype(np.int64)  # 变为64位整型
    return x, y_  # 返回输入特征x，返回标签y_

# 标签存在直接读，不存在 先读再写入保存。
if os.path.exists(x_train_savepath) and os.path.exists(y_train_savepath) and os.path.exists(
        x_test_savepath) and os.path.exists(y_test_savepath):
    print('-------------Load Datasets-----------------')
    x_train_save = np.load(x_train_savepath)
    y_train = np.load(y_train_savepath)
    x_test_save = np.load(x_test_savepath)
    y_test = np.load(y_test_savepath)
    x_train = np.reshape(x_train_save, (len(x_train_save), 28, 28))
    x_test = np.reshape(x_test_save, (len(x_test_save), 28, 28))
else:
    print('-------------Generate Datasets-----------------')
    x_train, y_train = generateds(train_path, train_txt)
    x_test, y_test = generateds(test_path, test_txt)

    print('-------------Save Datasets-----------------')
    x_train_save = np.reshape(x_train, (len(x_train), -1))
    x_test_save = np.reshape(x_test, (len(x_test), -1))
    np.save(x_train_savepath, x_train_save)
    np.save(y_train_savepath, y_train)
    np.save(x_test_savepath, x_test_save)
    np.save(y_test_savepath, y_test)

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), validation_freq=1)
model.summary()

2.数据增强：在图片领域，数据增强是对图片做简单的形变，

形变代码：

# 显示原始图像和增强后的图像
import tensorflow as tf
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
import numpy as np

mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)

image_gen_train = ImageDataGenerator(
    rescale=1. / 255,
    rotation_range=45,
    width_shift_range=.15,
    height_shift_range=.15,
    horizontal_flip=False,
    zoom_range=0.5
)
image_gen_train.fit(x_train)
print("xtrain",x_train.shape)
x_train_subset1 = np.squeeze(x_train[:12])
print("xtrain_subset1",x_train_subset1.shape)
print("xtrain",x_train.shape)
x_train_subset2 = x_train[:12]  # 一次显示12张图片
print("xtrain_subset2",x_train_subset2.shape)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 2))
plt.set_cmap('gray')
# 显示原始图片
for i in range(0, len(x_train_subset1)):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 12, i + 1)
    ax.imshow(x_train_subset1[i])
fig.suptitle('Subset of Original Training Images', fontsize=20)
plt.show()

# 显示增强后的图片
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 2))
for x_batch in image_gen_train.flow(x_train_subset2, batch_size=12, shuffle=False):
    for i in range(0, 12):
        ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 12, i + 1)
        ax.imshow(np.squeeze(x_batch[i]))
    fig.suptitle('Augmented Images', fontsize=20)
    plt.show()
    break;

训练代码：

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator

# 该代码为数据增强。

mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0
# 必须是4维度，第四个维度为灰度值。
x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)  # 给数据增加一个维度,从(60000, 28, 28)reshape为(60000, 28, 28, 1)

image_gen_train = ImageDataGenerator(
    rescale=1. / 1.,  # 如为图像，分母为255时，可归至0～1
    rotation_range=45,  # 随机45度旋转
    width_shift_range=.15,  # 宽度偏移
    height_shift_range=.15,  # 高度偏移
    horizontal_flip=False,  # 水平翻转
    zoom_range=0.5  # 将图像随机缩放阈量50％
)
image_gen_train.fit(x_train)

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(image_gen_train.flow(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32), epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
          validation_freq=1)
model.summary()

3.断点续训：

import tensorflow as tf
import os

# 该代码为加入断点续训后的代码

mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

# 首先检察索引表是否存在，
checkpoint_save_path = "./checkpoint/mnist.ckpt"
if os.path.exists(checkpoint_save_path + '.index'):
    print('-------------load the model-----------------')
    # 有了索引表，则通过该函数来直接读取
    model.load_weights(checkpoint_save_path)
# 保存模型   使用回调函数
cp_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(filepath=checkpoint_save_path,     # 文件存储路径
                                                 save_weights_only=True,    # 是否只保留模型参数
                                                 save_best_only=True)       # 是否只保留最优结果
# 最后一个参数，回调选项。
history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), validation_freq=1,
                    callbacks=[cp_callback])
model.summary()

对上述代码函数进行说明。

4.model.load_weights(checkpoint_save_path)：加载路径中的内容。

5.tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint：用来保存模型的参数。

cp_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(filepath=checkpoint_save_path,     # 文件存储路径
                                                 save_weights_only=True,    # 是否只保留模型参数
                                                 save_best_only=True)       # 是否只保留最优结果

还要再fit中体现要保存模型的参数

# 最后一个参数，回调选项。
history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), validation_freq=1,
                    callbacks=[cp_callback])

6.np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.inf)

7，predict

参数提取：