一、什么是spring data jpa
spring data jpa 是 spring 基于ORM 框架、jpa规范的基础上封装的一套jpa应用框架,可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能,且易于扩展!学习并使用 spring data jpa 可以极大提高开发效率!
二、简单crud案例演示
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>nju.software</groupId>
<artifactId>springjpa1</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring对orm框架的支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring data jpa 的坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
</project>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!-- spring 和 Spring data jpa的配置-->
<!-- 1创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理 -->
<bean id="entityMangerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<!-- 配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包)-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="nju.software.domain"></property>
<!-- jpa的实现厂家-->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"></bean>
</property>
<!--JPA的供应商适配器-->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!-- 配置是否自动创建表-->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false"></property>
<!-- 指定数据库类型-->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL"></property>
<!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法-->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"></property>
<!--是否显示sql-->
<property name="showSql" value="true"></property>
</bean>
</property>
<!--jpa的方言:高级的特性-->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"></bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!--2.创建数据库连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
</bean>
<!--3整合spring datajpa-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="nju.software.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityMangerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
<!--4.配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityMangerFactory"></property>
</bean>
<!--5.声明式事务-->
<!--6.配置包扫描(扫描注解)-->
<context:component-scan base-package="nju.software"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
实体类Customer
package nju.software.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
/**
* 1.实体类和表的关系
* @Entity
* @Table
* 2.类中属性和表中字段的映射关系
* @Id
* @GeneratedValue
* @Colum
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {
/**
* @Id:声明主键的配置
* @GeneratedValue:配置主键的生成策略
* strategy
* GenerationType.IDENTITY :自增,mysql
* * 底层数据库必须支持自动增长(底层数据库支持的自动增长方式,对id自增)
* GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列,oracle
* * 底层数据库必须支持序列
* GenerationType.TABLE : jpa提供的一种机制,通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增
* GenerationType.AUTO : 由程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略
* @Column:配置属性和字段的映射关系
* name:数据库表中字段的名称
*/
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "cust_id")
private Long custId; //客户的主键
@Column(name = "cust_name")
private String custName;//客户名称
@Column(name = "cust_source")
private String custSource;//客户来源
@Column(name="cust_level")
private String custLevel;//客户级别
@Column(name="cust_industry")
private String custIndustry;//客户所属行业
@Column(name="cust_phone")
private String custPhone;//客户的联系方式
@Column(name="cust_address")
private String custAddress;//客户地址
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer{" +
"custId=" + custId +
", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
'}';
}
public Long getCustId() {
return custId;
}
public void setCustId(Long custId) {
this.custId = custId;
}
public String getCustName() {
return custName;
}
public void setCustName(String custName) {
this.custName = custName;
}
public String getCustSource() {
return custSource;
}
public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
this.custSource = custSource;
}
public String getCustLevel() {
return custLevel;
}
public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
this.custLevel = custLevel;
}
public String getCustIndustry() {
return custIndustry;
}
public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
}
public String getCustPhone() {
return custPhone;
}
public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
this.custPhone = custPhone;
}
public String getCustAddress() {
return custAddress;
}
public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
this.custAddress = custAddress;
}
}
Dao层
package nju.software.dao;
import nju.software.domain.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 符合SpringDataJpa的dao层接口规范
* JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型>(点进去 ctrl+f12看成员方法)
* * 封装了基本CRUD操作
* JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
* * 封装了复杂查询(分页)
*
*/
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
/**
* 案例:根据客户名称查询客户
* from Customer where custName = ?
* 配置jpql语句,使用@Query
*/
@Query("from Customer where custName = ?")
public Customer findJpql(String custname);
/**
* 根据客户名称和客户id查询客户
* jpql:from Customer where custName = ? and custId = ? 变量名可以不一致但是类型一致注意顺序
* 对于多个占位符参数
* 赋值的时候,默认的情况下,占位符的位置需要和方法参数中的位置保持一致
*
* 可以指定占位符参数的位置
* ? 索引的方式,指定此占位的取值来源
* @Query(value = "from Customer where custName = ?2 and custId = ?1")
*/
@Query("from Customer where custName = ? and custId = ?")
public Customer findCustNameAndId(String name,Long id);
/**
* 使用jpql完成更新操作
* 案例:根据id更新客户的名称
* SQL: update cst_customer set cust_name = ? where cust_id = ?
* jpql: update Customer set custName = ? where custId = ?
* @Query : 代表的是进行查询
* 声明此方法是用来进行更新操作
* @Modifying
* 当前执行的是一个更新操作
*/
@Query("update Customer set custName = ?2 where custId = ?1")
@Modifying
public void updateCustomer( long id,String name);
/**
* 使用sql的形式查询:
* 查询全部的客户
* sql : select * from cst_customer;
* Query : 配置sql查询
* value : sql语句
* nativeQuery : 查询方式
* true : sql查询
* false:jpql查询
*
*/
//@Query(value = " select * from cst_customer" ,nativeQuery = true)
@Query(value="select * from cst_customer where cust_name like ?1",nativeQuery = true)
public List<Object [] > findSql(String name);
/**
* 方法名的约定:
* findBy : 查询
* 对象中的属性名(首字母大写) : 查询的条件
* CustName
* * 默认情况 : 使用 等于的方式查询
* 特殊的查询方式
*
* findByCustName -- 根据客户名称查询
*
* 再springdataJpa的运行阶段
* 会根据方法名称进行解析 findBy from xxx(实体类)
* 属性名称 where custName =
*
* 1.findBy + 属性名称 (根据属性名称进行完成匹配的查询=)
* 2.findBy + 属性名称 + “查询方式(Like | isnull)”
* findByCustNameLike
* 3.多条件查询
* findBy + 属性名 + “查询方式” + “多条件的连接符(and|or)” + 属性名 + “查询方式”
*/
public Customer findByCustName(String custName);
}
三、jpql的查询方式
-
jpql : jpa query language (jpq查询语言)
特点:语法或关键字和sql语句类似
查询的是类和类中的属性需要将JPQL语句配置到接口方法上
1.特有的查询:需要在dao接口上配置方法
2.在新添加的方法上,使用注解的形式配置jpql查询语句
3.注解 : @Query -
sql语句的查询
1.特有的查询:需要在dao接口上配置方法
2.在新添加的方法上,使用注解的形式配置sql查询语句
3.注解 : @Query
value :jpql语句 | sql语句
nativeQuery :false(使用jpql查询) | true(使用本地查询:sql查询)
是否使用本地查询
package nju.software;
import nju.software.dao.CustomerDao;
import nju.software.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息
public class JpqlTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
@Test
public void testFindJPQL(){
Customer customer = customerDao.findJpql("黑马程序");
System.out.println(customer);
}
@Test
public void findCustNameAndId(){
Customer customer = customerDao.findCustNameAndId("黑马程序", 4l);
System.out.println(customer);
}
/**
* 测试jpql的更新操作
* * springDataJpa中使用jpql完成 更新/删除操作
* * 需要手动添加事务的支持
* * 默认会执行结束之后,回滚事务
* @Rollback : 设置是否自动回滚
* false | true
*/
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(false)
public void testupdateCustomer(){
customerDao.updateCustomer(4l,"恶臭年轻人");
}
//测试sql查询
@Test
public void testFindSql() {
List<Object[]> list = customerDao.findSql("黑马%");
for(Object [] obj : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(obj));
}
}
}
当然由于CustomerDao继承了JpaRepository接口,就有相应的默认查询方法
可以进行写一个测试类CustomerDaoTest :
package nju.software;
import nju.software.dao.CustomerDao;
import nju.software.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息
public class CustomerDaoTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
/**
* 根据id查询
*/
@Test
public void testFindOne(){
Customer one = customerDao.findOne(3l);
System.out.println(one);
}
/**
* save : 保存或者更新
* 根据传递的对象是否存在主键id,
* 如果没有id主键属性:保存
* 存在id主键属性,根据id查询数据,更新数据
*/
@Test
public void testSave(){
Customer customer =new Customer();
customer.setCustIndustry("华中科技大学");
customer.setCustName("chenghao");
customerDao.save(customer);
}
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
Customer customer =new Customer();
//id不为空就是更新
customer.setCustId(5l);
customer.setCustName("baba");
customerDao.save(customer);
}
@Test
public void testDelete(){
customerDao.delete(3l);
}
/**
* 查询所有
*/
@Test
public void testFindAll(){
List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll();
for (Customer customer:list){
System.out.println(customer);
}
}
/**
* 测试统计查询:查询客户的总数量
*/
@Test
public void testCount(){
long count = customerDao.count();
System.out.println(count);
}
/**
* 判断id为4的客户是否存在
* 1.可以查询id为4的客户
* 如果值为空不存在,不为空存在
* 2.判断数据库id为4的客户的数量
* 如果数量为0,代表不存在,大于0存在
*/
@Test
public void testExists(){
boolean exists = customerDao.exists(4l);
System.out.println("id为4的客户 是否存在:"+exists);
}
/**
* 根据id从数据库查询
* @Transactional : 保证getOne正常运行(在单元测试中)
*
* findOne:
* em.find() :立即加载
* getOne:
* em.getReference :延迟加载
* * 返回的是一个客户的动态代理对象
* * 什么时候用,什么时候查询
*/
@Test
@Transactional
public void testGetOne() {
Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(4l);
System.out.println(customer);
}
}