SpringJPA入门学习(一)

一、什么是spring data jpa

spring data jpa 是 spring 基于ORM 框架、jpa规范的基础上封装的一套jpa应用框架,可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能,且易于扩展!学习并使用 spring data jpa 可以极大提高开发效率!
在这里插入图片描述

二、简单crud案例演示

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>nju.software</groupId>
    <artifactId>springjpa1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring对orm框架的支持包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <!-- c3p0 beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 end -->

        <!-- log end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring data jpa 的坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- el end -->
    </dependencies>
</project>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
    <!-- spring 和 Spring data jpa的配置-->
    <!-- 1创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理   -->
    <bean id="entityMangerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <!--  配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包)-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="nju.software.domain"></property>
        <!--        jpa的实现厂家-->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"></bean>
        </property>
        <!--JPA的供应商适配器-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <!-- 配置是否自动创建表-->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false"></property>
                <!-- 指定数据库类型-->
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL"></property>
                <!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法-->
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"></property>
                <!--是否显示sql-->
                <property name="showSql" value="true"></property>
            </bean>
        </property>
        <!--jpa的方言:高级的特性-->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"></bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!--2.创建数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa"></property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--3整合spring datajpa-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="nju.software.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
                      entity-manager-factory-ref="entityMangerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
    <!--4.配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityMangerFactory"></property>
    </bean>
<!--5.声明式事务-->
<!--6.配置包扫描(扫描注解)-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="nju.software"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

实体类Customer

package nju.software.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * 1.实体类和表的关系
 *      @Entity
 *      @Table
 * 2.类中属性和表中字段的映射关系
 *      @Id
 *      @GeneratedValue
 *      @Colum
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {
   /**
     * @Id:声明主键的配置
     * @GeneratedValue:配置主键的生成策略
     *      strategy
     *          GenerationType.IDENTITY :自增,mysql
     *                 * 底层数据库必须支持自动增长(底层数据库支持的自动增长方式,对id自增)
     *          GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列,oracle
     *                  * 底层数据库必须支持序列
     *          GenerationType.TABLE : jpa提供的一种机制,通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增
     *          GenerationType.AUTO : 由程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略
     * @Column:配置属性和字段的映射关系
     *      name:数据库表中字段的名称
     */
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "cust_id")
    private Long custId; //客户的主键
    @Column(name = "cust_name")
    private String custName;//客户名称
    @Column(name = "cust_source")
    private String custSource;//客户来源
    @Column(name="cust_level")
    private String custLevel;//客户级别

    @Column(name="cust_industry")
    private String custIndustry;//客户所属行业

    @Column(name="cust_phone")
    private String custPhone;//客户的联系方式

    @Column(name="cust_address")
    private String custAddress;//客户地址

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custId=" + custId +
                ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(Long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }

    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }

    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }

    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }

    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }

    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }

    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }

    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }

    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }

    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }

    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }

    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }

    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }
}

Dao层

package nju.software.dao;

import nju.software.domain.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 符合SpringDataJpa的dao层接口规范
 *      JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型>(点进去 ctrl+f12看成员方法)
 *          * 封装了基本CRUD操作
 *      JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
 *          * 封装了复杂查询(分页)
 *
 */


public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
    /**
     * 案例:根据客户名称查询客户
     * from Customer where custName = ?
     * 配置jpql语句,使用@Query
     */
    @Query("from Customer where custName = ?")
    public Customer findJpql(String custname);
    /**
     * 根据客户名称和客户id查询客户
     * jpql:from Customer where custName = ? and custId = ? 变量名可以不一致但是类型一致注意顺序
     * 对于多个占位符参数
     *            赋值的时候,默认的情况下,占位符的位置需要和方法参数中的位置保持一致
     *
     *        可以指定占位符参数的位置
     *            ? 索引的方式,指定此占位的取值来源
     *              @Query(value = "from Customer where custName = ?2 and custId = ?1")
     */
    @Query("from Customer where custName = ? and custId = ?")
    public Customer findCustNameAndId(String name,Long id);
    /**
     * 使用jpql完成更新操作
     *          案例:根据id更新客户的名称
     *       SQL: update cst_customer set cust_name = ? where cust_id = ?
     *       jpql: update Customer set custName = ? where custId = ?
     *       @Query : 代表的是进行查询
         *       声明此方法是用来进行更新操作
     *      @Modifying
     *          当前执行的是一个更新操作
     */
    @Query("update Customer set custName = ?2 where custId = ?1")
    @Modifying
    public void updateCustomer( long id,String name);
    /**
     * 使用sql的形式查询:
     *     查询全部的客户
     *  sql : select * from cst_customer;
     *  Query : 配置sql查询
     *      value : sql语句
     *      nativeQuery : 查询方式
     *          true : sql查询
     *          false:jpql查询
     *
     */
    //@Query(value = " select * from cst_customer" ,nativeQuery = true)
    @Query(value="select * from cst_customer where cust_name like ?1",nativeQuery = true)
    public List<Object [] > findSql(String name);
    /**
     * 方法名的约定:
     *      findBy : 查询
     *            对象中的属性名(首字母大写) : 查询的条件
     *            CustName
     *            * 默认情况 : 使用 等于的方式查询
     *                  特殊的查询方式
     *
     *  findByCustName   --   根据客户名称查询
     *
     *  再springdataJpa的运行阶段
     *          会根据方法名称进行解析  findBy    from  xxx(实体类)
     *                                      属性名称      where  custName =
     *
     *      1.findBy  + 属性名称 (根据属性名称进行完成匹配的查询=)
     *      2.findBy  + 属性名称 + “查询方式(Like | isnull)”
     *          findByCustNameLike
     *      3.多条件查询
     *          findBy + 属性名 + “查询方式”   + “多条件的连接符(and|or)”  + 属性名 + “查询方式”
     */
    public Customer findByCustName(String custName);

}

三、jpql的查询方式

  • jpql : jpa query language (jpq查询语言)
    特点:语法或关键字和sql语句类似
    查询的是类和类中的属性

    需要将JPQL语句配置到接口方法上
    1.特有的查询:需要在dao接口上配置方法
    2.在新添加的方法上,使用注解的形式配置jpql查询语句
    3.注解 : @Query

  • sql语句的查询
    1.特有的查询:需要在dao接口上配置方法
    2.在新添加的方法上,使用注解的形式配置sql查询语句
    3.注解 : @Query
    value :jpql语句 | sql语句
    nativeQuery :false(使用jpql查询) | true(使用本地查询:sql查询)
    是否使用本地查询

package nju.software;

import nju.software.dao.CustomerDao;
import nju.software.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息
public class JpqlTest {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;
    @Test
    public void testFindJPQL(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.findJpql("黑马程序");
        System.out.println(customer);
    }
    @Test
    public void findCustNameAndId(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.findCustNameAndId("黑马程序", 4l);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }

    /**
     * 测试jpql的更新操作
     *  * springDataJpa中使用jpql完成 更新/删除操作
     *         * 需要手动添加事务的支持
     *         * 默认会执行结束之后,回滚事务
     *   @Rollback : 设置是否自动回滚
     *          false | true
     */
    @Test
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(false)
    public void testupdateCustomer(){
        customerDao.updateCustomer(4l,"恶臭年轻人");
    }
    //测试sql查询
    @Test
    public void testFindSql() {
        List<Object[]> list = customerDao.findSql("黑马%");
        for(Object [] obj : list) {
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(obj));
        }
    }
}

当然由于CustomerDao继承了JpaRepository接口,就有相应的默认查询方法
在这里插入图片描述
可以进行写一个测试类CustomerDaoTest :

package nju.software;

import nju.software.dao.CustomerDao;
import nju.software.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息
public class CustomerDaoTest {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;

    /**
     * 根据id查询
 */
@Test
public void testFindOne(){
    Customer one = customerDao.findOne(3l);
    System.out.println(one);
}

/**
 * save : 保存或者更新
 *      根据传递的对象是否存在主键id,
 *      如果没有id主键属性:保存
 *      存在id主键属性,根据id查询数据,更新数据
 */
@Test
public void testSave(){
    Customer customer =new Customer();
    customer.setCustIndustry("华中科技大学");
    customer.setCustName("chenghao");
    customerDao.save(customer);
}
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
    Customer customer =new Customer();
    //id不为空就是更新
     customer.setCustId(5l);
     customer.setCustName("baba");
     customerDao.save(customer);
}
@Test
public void testDelete(){
    customerDao.delete(3l);
}
/**
 * 查询所有
 */
@Test
public void testFindAll(){
    List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll();
    for (Customer customer:list){
        System.out.println(customer);
    }
}
/**
 * 测试统计查询:查询客户的总数量
 */
@Test
public void testCount(){
    long count = customerDao.count();
    System.out.println(count);
}
/**
 * 判断id为4的客户是否存在
 * 1.可以查询id为4的客户
 *      如果值为空不存在,不为空存在
 * 2.判断数据库id为4的客户的数量
 *      如果数量为0,代表不存在,大于0存在
 */
@Test
public void testExists(){
    boolean exists = customerDao.exists(4l);
    System.out.println("id为4的客户 是否存在:"+exists);
}
/**
 * 根据id从数据库查询
 *      @Transactional : 保证getOne正常运行(在单元测试中)
 *
 *  findOne:
 *      em.find()           :立即加载
 *  getOne:
 *      em.getReference     :延迟加载
 *      * 返回的是一个客户的动态代理对象
 *      * 什么时候用,什么时候查询
 */
@Test
@Transactional


   public void  testGetOne() {
        Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(4l);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }


}
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