C++ 中引用和指针的区别

本质上没有区别，在汇编代码下，内容基本一致，证明：
代码 1（基于引用）

#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
typedef struct test__{
        int a;
        int b;
}T_test;
void ModifyStructvalue(T_test& test)
{
        test.a = 10;
        test.b = 20;
        printf("In Function test:%d,%d\n",test.a,test.b);
}
int main()
{
        T_test test = {1,2};
        printf("test:%d,%d\n",test.a,test.b);
        ModifyStructvalue(test);
        printf("test:%d,%d\n",test.a,test.b);
}

对应的汇编程序为：

(gdb) disassemble main
Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x000000000040059e <+0>:     push   %rbp
   0x000000000040059f <+1>:     mov    %rsp,%rbp
   0x00000000004005a2 <+4>:     sub    $0x10,%rsp
   0x00000000004005a6 <+8>:     movl   $0x1,-0x10(%rbp)
   0x00000000004005ad <+15>:    movl   $0x2,-0xc(%rbp)
   0x00000000004005b4 <+22>:    mov    -0xc(%rbp),%edx
   0x00000000004005b7 <+25>:    mov    -0x10(%rbp),%eax
   0x00000000004005ba <+28>:    mov    %eax,%esi
   0x00000000004005bc <+30>:    mov    $0x4006a8,%edi
   0x00000000004005c1 <+35>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x00000000004005c6 <+40>:    callq  0x400440 <printf@plt>
   0x00000000004005cb <+45>:    lea    -0x10(%rbp),%rax
   0x00000000004005cf <+49>:    mov    %rax,%rdi
   0x00000000004005d2 <+52>:    callq  0x40055d <_Z17ModifyStructvalueR6test__>
   0x00000000004005d7 <+57>:    mov    -0xc(%rbp),%edx
   0x00000000004005da <+60>:    mov    -0x10(%rbp),%eax
   0x00000000004005dd <+63>:    mov    %eax,%esi
   0x00000000004005df <+65>:    mov    $0x4006a8,%edi
   0x00000000004005e4 <+70>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x00000000004005e9 <+75>:    callq  0x400440 <printf@plt>
   0x00000000004005ee <+80>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x00000000004005f3 <+85>:    leaveq
   0x00000000004005f4 <+86>:    retq
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) disassemble ModifyStructvalue
Dump of assembler code for function _Z17ModifyStructvalueR6test__:
   0x000000000040055d <+0>:     push   %rbp
   0x000000000040055e <+1>:     mov    %rsp,%rbp
   0x0000000000400561 <+4>:     sub    $0x10,%rsp
   0x0000000000400565 <+8>:     mov    %rdi,-0x8(%rbp)
   0x0000000000400569 <+12>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x000000000040056d <+16>:    movl   $0xa,(%rax)
   0x0000000000400573 <+22>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400577 <+26>:    movl   $0x14,0x4(%rax)
   0x000000000040057e <+33>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400582 <+37>:    mov    0x4(%rax),%edx
   0x0000000000400585 <+40>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400589 <+44>:    mov    (%rax),%eax
   0x000000000040058b <+46>:    mov    %eax,%esi
   0x000000000040058d <+48>:    mov    $0x400690,%edi
   0x0000000000400592 <+53>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x0000000000400597 <+58>:    callq  0x400440 <printf@plt>
   0x000000000040059c <+63>:    leaveq
   0x000000000040059d <+64>:    retq
End of assembler dump.
(gdb)

代码2（基于指针）

#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"

typedef struct test__{
        int a;
        int b;
}T_test;

void ModifyStructvalue(T_test* test)
{
        test->a = 10;
        test->b = 20;
        printf("In Function test:%d,%d\n",test->a,test->b);
}
int main()
{
        T_test test = {1,2};
        printf("test:%d,%d\n",test.a,test.b);
        ModifyStructvalue(&test);
        printf("test:%d,%d\n",test.a,test.b);
}

对应的汇编程序为：

(gdb) disassemble main
Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x000000000040059e <+0>:     push   %rbp
   0x000000000040059f <+1>:     mov    %rsp,%rbp
   0x00000000004005a2 <+4>:     sub    $0x10,%rsp
   0x00000000004005a6 <+8>:     movl   $0x1,-0x10(%rbp)
   0x00000000004005ad <+15>:    movl   $0x2,-0xc(%rbp)
   0x00000000004005b4 <+22>:    mov    -0xc(%rbp),%edx
   0x00000000004005b7 <+25>:    mov    -0x10(%rbp),%eax
   0x00000000004005ba <+28>:    mov    %eax,%esi
   0x00000000004005bc <+30>:    mov    $0x4006a8,%edi
   0x00000000004005c1 <+35>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x00000000004005c6 <+40>:    callq  0x400440 <printf@plt>
   0x00000000004005cb <+45>:    lea    -0x10(%rbp),%rax
   0x00000000004005cf <+49>:    mov    %rax,%rdi
   0x00000000004005d2 <+52>:    callq  0x40055d <_Z17ModifyStructvalueP6test__>
   0x00000000004005d7 <+57>:    mov    -0xc(%rbp),%edx
   0x00000000004005da <+60>:    mov    -0x10(%rbp),%eax
   0x00000000004005dd <+63>:    mov    %eax,%esi
   0x00000000004005df <+65>:    mov    $0x4006a8,%edi
   0x00000000004005e4 <+70>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x00000000004005e9 <+75>:    callq  0x400440 <printf@plt>
   0x00000000004005ee <+80>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x00000000004005f3 <+85>:    leaveq
   0x00000000004005f4 <+86>:    retq
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) disassemble ModifyStructvalue
Dump of assembler code for function _Z17ModifyStructvalueP6test__:
   0x000000000040055d <+0>:     push   %rbp
   0x000000000040055e <+1>:     mov    %rsp,%rbp
   0x0000000000400561 <+4>:     sub    $0x10,%rsp
   0x0000000000400565 <+8>:     mov    %rdi,-0x8(%rbp)
   0x0000000000400569 <+12>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x000000000040056d <+16>:    movl   $0xa,(%rax)
   0x0000000000400573 <+22>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400577 <+26>:    movl   $0x14,0x4(%rax)
   0x000000000040057e <+33>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400582 <+37>:    mov    0x4(%rax),%edx
   0x0000000000400585 <+40>:    mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
   0x0000000000400589 <+44>:    mov    (%rax),%eax
   0x000000000040058b <+46>:    mov    %eax,%esi
   0x000000000040058d <+48>:    mov    $0x400690,%edi
   0x0000000000400592 <+53>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x0000000000400597 <+58>:    callq  0x400440 <printf@plt>
   0x000000000040059c <+63>:    leaveq
   0x000000000040059d <+64>:    retq
End of assembler dump.
(gdb)

内容基本一致。