【树莓派】安装、配置、总结

资源参考

树莓派4B新手篇：安装官网Raspbian Buster系统及基础配置
树莓派新手教程合集

系统安装

1. 在官网下载镜像.Buster Lite版
   https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/
2. 使用Win32 Disk Imager工具，将镜像刻录到SD卡

配置ssh和wifi

参考无屏幕和键盘配置树莓派WiFi和SSH

1. 配置ssh：在boot目录新建文件名为ssh的空文件即可。
2. 配置wifi：在boot目录新建文件wpa_supplicant.conf，内容如下

country=CN
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
 
network={
ssid="WiFi-A"
psk="12345678"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
priority=1
}

配置用户

1. 配置root用户并允许远程登录

# 1.设置root用户密码
sudo passwd root
# 2.启用root用户
sudo passwd --unlock root
# 3.设置ssh允许登录
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	#port 22 改为 port 22
	#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password 改为 PermitRootLogin yes
# 4.重启ssh服务
sudo systemctl restart ssh

2. 修改pi的默认密码

sudo passwd pi

配置apt-get源

1. 备份原文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list.bak

2. 修改文件/etc/apt/sources.list，文件内容为

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpi

3. 更新

apt-get update

4. 测试

apt-get install vim

安装Pi Dashboard

参考项目官网

树莓派4B安装Ubuntu Server 20.04

官方教程
记录一下坑

1.使用32GB SD卡的时候，树莓派非常卡顿，绿灯常量，用16GB卡就正常。
2.使用wifi连接的时候不灵敏，原因是树莓派好像默认不支持某些5G频段，最好还是使用网线连接。或者使用hdmi进行可交互操作。

1. 下载镜像
   选择树莓派4，Ubuntu20.04LTS
2. 下载刻录工具
   Pi Imager
3. 将镜像刻录进SD卡
4. 联网

• 如果连网线不用修改
• 如果连wifi，需要修改network-config文件，参考官网

5. 插电开机
6. ssh是默认开启的，直接登录，用户名和密码都是ubuntu
7. 修改apt-get源，注意是arm架构，需要使用ubuntu-ports源

# 清华镜像
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 阿里云镜像
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse