【读书2】【2014】基于MATLAB的雷达信号处理基础（第二版）——杂波的时空相关性(2)

另一种常用于建立一般功率谱模型的函数是高斯函数

Another modelfrequently used to model generic power spectra is the Gaussian given by

高斯模型是气象雷达中常用的模型，也是第五章讨论的脉冲多普勒测速技术的基础。

The Gaussian model isvery commonly used in weather radar, and is the basis of the pulse pair Dopplervelocity estimation technique discussed in Chap. 5.

三次方和高斯功率谱模型都可以很好地与低阶自回归（AR或全极点）谱模型相匹配。

Both the cubic andGaussian power spectral models can be well matched by a low-orderautoregressive (AR, or all-pole) spectrum model of the form (Haykin et al.,1982)

从地面雷达测量到的真实杂波似乎能够很好地匹配N = 2 ~ 4阶的AR模型。

Real clutter measuredfrom ground-based radars appears to be well matched using an order N of onlytwo to four.

对机载雷达测量的杂波研究表明，可能需要多达10阶的模型近似。

Other studies ofclutter measured by airborne radars in a landing scenario indicate that ordersup to 10 may be required (Baxa, 1991).

AR杂波频谱模型的优点是，它的参数可以直接从测量数据中计算出来，并且可以使用Levinson-Durbin或类似算法进行实时调整。

The AR clutterspectrum model has the advantage that its parameters can be computed directlyfrom measured data and adapted in real time using the Levinson-Durbin orsimilar algorithms (Kay, 1988).

此外，AR参数可用于构造最佳的自适应杂波抑制滤波器，如第5章所示。

Furthermore, the ARparameters can be used to construct optimal adaptive clutter suppressionfilters, as is seen in Chap. 5.

缺点是随着模型阶数的增加，计算量迅速增加。

The disadvantage isthat the calculations rapidly become computationally intensive as the modelorder increases.

另一种去相关模型是Billingsley模型，它是最近发展起来的，在运动平台探测地面目标的研究中非常流行。

Another decorrelationmodel, more recently developed and popular in studies of detection of groundtargets from moving platforms, is the Billingsley model.

该模型反映了风吹树木杂波和其它植被覆盖物的相关特性，据说这是“最普遍”的地面杂波。

This model representsthe correlation properties of windblown tree clutter and other vegetativecover, said to be the “most pervasive” ground clutter (Billingsley,2001).

该模型假定杂波时域功率谱是多普勒频率空间中一个双边衰减指数函数和一个原点脉冲的总和，即：

This model assumesthat the clutter temporal power spectrum is the sum of a two-sided decayingexponential function and an impulse at the origin in Doppler frequency space

其中，确定直流分量与交流分量之比的参数α是风和雷达频率的函数，而确定交流功率谱宽度的β主要取决于风况。

where the parameterα, which established the ratio of the DC to AC components, is a function ofboth wind and radar frequency, while β, which determines the width of the ACpower spectral component, is dependent primarily on wind conditions.

相应的自相关函数为：

Thecorresponding autocorrelation function is

根据大量的测量研究，Billingsley提出了α和β的经验公式：

Based on extensivemeasurements, Billingsley proposed empirical formulas for α and β:

其中w是以法定英里/小时为单位的风速，F0是以GHz为单位的雷达载波频率。

where w is the windspeed in statute miles per hour and F0 is the radar carrierfrequency in GHz.

请注意，β和去相关时间不依赖于雷达频率，这与早期的一些模型有些冲突。

Note that β andtherefore the decorrelation time does not depend on radar frequency, somewhatin conflict with earlier models.

在应用时必须注意式（2.73）中不同参数的单位定义。

Caution is needed inapplying Eq. (2.73) due to mixed units.

具体来说，w是以法定英里/小时为单位，而β是以米/秒为单位。

Specifically, w is instatute miles per hour but β is in meters per second.

——本文译自Mark A. Richards所著的《Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing（Second edition）》

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