IDEA搭建第一个SpringMVC案例，基于Maven实现

SpingMVC通过一套MVC注解 ，让POJO成为处理请求的控制器，而无须实现任何接口。
支持REST风格的URL请求
采用了松耦合可插拔组件结构，比其他MVC框架更具扩展性和灵活性
SpringMVC内部采用的是模块化的方式来开发的

MVC层次：

项目的结构：

具体的实现：

1.引用依赖

 <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!--单元测试-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Spring的核心依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--web开发-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--日志-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>1.1.3</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

2.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet

3.加入SpringMVC的配置文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
        http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
        version="3.1" metadata-complete="true">
    <!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--配置DispatcherServlet的一个初始化参数：配置SpringMVC配置文件的位置-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.编写处理请求的处理器，并标识为处理器

@Controller
public class HelloWord {

    /**
     * 1.使用@RequestMapping注解来映射请求的URL
     * 2.返回值会通过视图解析器为实际的物理视图，InternalResourceViewResolver视图解析器
     * 通过prefix+returnVal+ 后缀的方式来得到实际的物理视图，然后做转发操作
     * /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/helloSpringMVC")
    public String hello(){
        System.out.println("hello SpringMVC");
        return "success";
    }
}

5.编写视图(springmvc.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
    <!--配置自动扫描包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com">

    </context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器：将handler方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

• index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=utf-8"
         pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="helloSpringMVC">helloSpringMVC</a>
</body>
</html>

• success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h4>success Page</h4>
</body>
</html>

6.测试

点击helloSpringMVC后：

这样我们就完成了用IDEA搭建第一个SpringMVC项目！

执行的过程：