Linux 硬盘分区和挂载硬盘

Linux 硬盘分区和挂载硬盘
1.首先查看Linux硬盘信息

[root@11 /]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part
├─rootvg-lvroot (dm-0) 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /
├─rootvg-lvswap (dm-1) 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─rootvg-lvopt (dm-2) 253:2 0 10G 0 lvm /opt
├─rootvg-lvvar (dm-3) 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /var
└─rootvg-lvhome (dm-4) 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk

[root@11 /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 68.7 GB, 68719476736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8354 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0008d86c

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 8355 66059264 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot: 32.2 GB, 32208060416 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3915 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvswap: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

有两块硬盘 /dev/sda和/dev/sdb ，首先/dev/sda 有两个分区，sda1 sda2

格式化硬盘/dev/sdb

[root@11 /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
13107200 inodes, 52428800 blocks
2621440 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
1600 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

开始分区

1. 创建一个分区 /dev/sdb1

[root@11 /]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u’).

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-26108, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-26108, default 26108): +190G

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@11 /]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part
├─rootvg-lvroot (dm-0) 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /
├─rootvg-lvswap (dm-1) 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─rootvg-lvopt (dm-2) 253:2 0 10G 0 lvm /opt
├─rootvg-lvvar (dm-3) 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /var
└─rootvg-lvhome (dm-4) 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 190G 0 part

这样就创建了一个分区 190G空间

创建PV
[root@11 /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume “/dev/sdb1” successfully created
查看pv
[root@11 /]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 rootvg lvm2 a–u 63.00g 0
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 ---- 190.01g 190.01g

创建VG

[root@11 soft]# vgcreate datavg /dev/sdb1
Volume group “datavg” successfully created
查看vg
[root@11 soft]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
datavg 1 0 0 wz–n- 190.00g 190.00g
rootvg 1 5 0 wz–n- 63.00g 0
创建lv 给lv分配容量
[root@11 soft]# lvcreate -L 80G -n datalv1 datavg
Logical volume “datalv1” created.
[root@11 soft]# lvcreate -L 110G -n datalv2 datavg
Logical volume “datalv2” created.
查看lv
[root@11 soft]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
datalv1 datavg -wi-ao---- 80.00g
datalv2 datavg -wi-ao---- 110.00g
lvhome rootvg -wi-ao---- 1.00g
lvopt rootvg -wi-ao---- 10.00g
lvroot rootvg -wi-ao---- 30.00g
lvswap rootvg -wi-ao---- 20.00g
lvvar rootvg -wi-ao---- 2.00g
查看硬盘分区情况
[root@11 soft]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part
├─rootvg-lvroot (dm-0) 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /
├─rootvg-lvswap (dm-1) 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─rootvg-lvopt (dm-2) 253:2 0 10G 0 lvm /opt
├─rootvg-lvvar (dm-3) 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /var
└─rootvg-lvhome (dm-4) 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 190G 0 part
├─datavg-datalv1 (dm-5) 253:5 0 80G 0 lvm
└─datavg-datalv2 (dm-6) 253:6 0 110G 0 lvm

创建文件系统
[root@11 soft]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/datavg/datalv1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
5242880 inodes, 20971520 blocks
1048576 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
640 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@11 soft]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/datavg/datalv2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
7208960 inodes, 28835840 blocks
1441792 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
880 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

创建文件目录并挂载lv 注意需要自己新建的目录这样挂载，不能挂载现有的目录，
否则会隐藏数据信息
mkdir /data
[root@11 soft]# mount /dev/datavg/datalv1 /data
[root@11 soft]# mount /dev/datavg/datalv2 /vdata
[root@11 soft]# mount /dev/datavg/datalv1 /datas
查看挂载
[root@11 soft]# df -h

一劳永逸的挂载
[root@11 soft]# vi /etc/fstab

pv /dev/sdb1 对应一个分区 扩容rootvg不能将 pv /dev/sdb1 加入datavg 否则扩容不了
不用创建datavg datavg 只是新建分区创建使用的 扩容不用这个，PV创建之后就可执行
下面的操作

用 pv /dev/sdb1 扩容rootvg 将物理卷/dev/sdb1 添加进 rootvg物理卷组 以达到扩容物理卷组的效果
[root@JT sysadm]# vgextend rootvg /dev/sdb1
Volume group “rootvg” successfully extended
[root@JTGC-Data1812400 sysadm]# vgs 只有一个rootvg
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
rootvg 2 5 0 wz–n- 562.99g <500.00g
[root@JTGC-Data1812400 sysadm]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part 、

├─rootvg-lvroot 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /
├─rootvg-lvswap 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─rootvg-lvvar 253:2 0 2G 0 lvm /var
├─rootvg-lvhome 253:3 0 1G 0 lvm /home
└─rootvg-lvopt 253:4 0 10G 0 lvm /opt
sdb 8:16 0 500G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 500G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

扩容lv 是物理卷组rootvg剩余空间的10%

[root@JTGC-Data1812400 dev]# lvextend -l +10%FREE /dev/rootvg/lvvar
Size of logical volume rootvg/lvvar changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 51.90 GiB (13287 extents).
Logical volume rootvg/lvvar successfully resized.
下面这种扩容方式也可以
[root@JTGC-Data1812400 dev]# lvextend -L +100000m /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar

[root@11 gitlab]# df -h /var
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar 2.0G 999M 916M 53% /var
[root@11 gitlab]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvhome rootvg -wi-ao---- 1.00g
lvopt rootvg -wi-ao---- 10.00g
lvroot rootvg -wi-ao---- 30.00g
lvswap rootvg -wi-ao---- 20.00g
lvvar rootvg -wi-ao---- 22.00g

[root@11 gitlab]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar to 5767168 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar is now 5767168 blocks long.
resize2fs是针对ext文件系统格式；
如果是centos7的默认文件系统XFS，需要使用xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar
[root@11 gitlab]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot 30G 12G 17G 43% /
tmpfs 16G 80K 16G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 1008M 62M 895M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome 1008M 34M 924M 4% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt 9.9G 1.4G 8.1G 14% /opt
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar 22G 1001M 20G 5% /var

pvs 查看可以剩余使用的pv空间