调用谷歌地图API 计算距离

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已于 2024-02-20 02:02:55 修改

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分类专栏：杂七杂八文章标签： python pycharm googlecloud Distance Matrix API

于 2024-02-20 01:55:27 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42899627/article/details/136180954

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调用谷歌地图API 计算距离

1. 代码功能讲述
2. 代码关键函数
3. 完整代码

1. 代码功能讲述

该代码首先导入必要的库：requests用于进行HTTP请求，BeautifulSoup用于解析HTML内容，pandas用于数据处理，tqdm用于显示进度条。
谷歌地图API密钥被声明为google_map_api。这个密钥是进行地理编码和距离计算所必需的。 Distance matrix API 网址
初始URL被定义为init_url，这是My School网站上学校搜索页面的URL。
代码使用requests.get()方法向初始URL发出HTTP GET请求并检索页面的HTML内容。然后使用BeautifulSoup解析HTML内容并存储在soup对象中。
代码通过定位具有类“pagination”的<div>元素，然后找到其中所有的<a>标签来找到分页的页面链接。通过从倒数第二个页面链接中提取文本来确定总页面数。
基本URL设置为“https://www.myschool.edu.au/”，因为后续页面URL将相对于此基本URL。
创建一个名为page_urls的列表来存储搜索结果中所有页面的URL。通过遍历页面链接，提取href属性并将其附加到基本URL来实现。最后一页链接被排除，因为它是“下一页”按钮的链接。
代码使用for循环遍历页面URL。对于每个页面，它发送一个HTTP GET请求，解析HTML内容，并找到学校信息元素。
在循环内，初始化一个进度条（tqdm）来跟踪处理进度。对于每个学校元素，代码提取学校名称、州信息和郊区。
调用school_distance()函数来计算学校与UQ之间的距离。最后，打印每个学校的学校信息（名称、州、距离）。在处理每个学校后，更新进度条。

2. 代码关键函数

2.1 geocode()

geocode(address)接受一个地址作为输入，并使用Google Maps地理编码API检索地址的纬度和经度坐标。该函数构造API请求URL，使用requests.get()发送请求，并解析响应以提取坐标。

# 地理编码API请求函数
def geocode(address):
    url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json"
    params = {
        "address": address,
        "key": google_map_api  # 替换为您的Google Maps API密钥
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)
    data = response.json()
    if data["status"] == "OK":
        location = data["results"][0]["geometry"]["location"]
        return location["lat"], location["lng"]
    else:
        return None

在这里插入图片描述

2.2 school_distance()

school_distance()函数接受学校名称、州和郊区作为输入。它使用geocode()函数检索学校和昆士兰大学（UQ）的坐标。然后，它使用calculate_distance()函数计算学校和UQ之间的距离。该函数处理地理编码和距离计算中的潜在错误，并以公里为单位返回距离。

def school_distance(school_name, school_state, school_suburb):
    # 学校名称、州和区信息
    schools = [{"name": school_name, "state": school_state, "suburb": school_suburb},]
    uq_name = "The University of Queensland"
    # 获取昆士兰大学的经纬度
    uq_address = f"{uq_name}, QSL, St Lucia"  # 可能需要根据实际情况调整
    uq_location = geocode(uq_address)#经纬度
    if uq_location:
        uq_coordinates = f"{uq_location[0]}, {uq_location[1]}"
        for school in schools:# 使用学校名称、州和区信息搜索学校的地址
            school_address = f"{school['name']}, {school['suburb']}, {school['state']}, AU"
            school_location = geocode(school_address)# 获取学校的经纬度
            if school_location:
                school_coordinates = f"{school_location[0]},{school_location[1]}"
                # 计算学校和昆士兰大学之间的距离
                distance = calculate_distance(school_coordinates, uq_coordinates)
                if distance:
                    distance_km = distance / 1000  # 将距离从米转换为千米
                    print(
                        f"The distance between {school['name']} and the University of Queensland is {distance_km} kilometers.")
                    return distance_km
                else:
                    print(f"Distance calculation failed for {school['name']}.")
                    return 'Calculation failed'
            else:
                print(f"Geocoding failed for {school['name']}.")
                return 'Geocoding failed'
    else:
        print("Geocoding failed for the University of Queensland.")
        return 'Geocoding failed'

2.3 calculate_distance()

calculate_distance(origin, destination)接受两组坐标（起点和目的地），并使用Google Maps距离矩阵API计算它们之间的距离。该函数构造API请求URL，发送请求，并解析响应以提取距离。

# 距离计算API请求函数
def calculate_distance(origin, destination):
    url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json"
    params = {
        "origins": origin,
        "destinations": destination,
        "key": google_map_api  # 替换为您的Google Maps API密钥
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)
    data = response.json()
    if data["status"] == "OK":
        distance = data["rows"][0]["elements"][0]["distance"]["value"]
        return distance
    else:
        return None

3. 完整代码

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import pandas as pd
from tqdm import tqdm

google_map_api = '????'##自己获取
# 发起HTTP请求并获取网站的HTML内容
init_url = "https://www.myschool.edu.au/school-search?FormPosted=True&SchoolSearchQuery=&SchoolSector=C%2CI&SchoolType=S&State=Qld"
response = requests.get(init_url)
html_content = response.text
# 解析HTML内容
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html.parser")
# 查找页数链接
page_links = soup.find("div", class_="pagination").find_all("a")
total_pages = int(page_links[-2].text.strip())
# 获取每个页面的网址
base_url = "https://www.myschool.edu.au/"  # 基础网址
page_urls = [f"{base_url}{link['href']}" for link in page_links][:-1]

# 地理编码API请求函数
def geocode(address):
    url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json"
    params = {
        "address": address,
        "key": google_map_api  # 替换为您的Google Maps API密钥
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)
    data = response.json()
    if data["status"] == "OK":
        location = data["results"][0]["geometry"]["location"]
        return location["lat"], location["lng"]
    else:
        return None

# 距离计算API请求函数
def calculate_distance(origin, destination):
    url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json"
    params = {
        "origins": origin,
        "destinations": destination,
        "key": google_map_api  # 替换为您的Google Maps API密钥
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)
    data = response.json()
    if data["status"] == "OK":
        distance = data["rows"][0]["elements"][0]["distance"]["value"]
        return distance
    else:
        return None

def school_distance(school_name, school_state, school_suburb):
    # 学校名称、州和区信息
    schools = [{"name": school_name, "state": school_state, "suburb": school_suburb},]
    uq_name = "The University of Queensland"
    # 获取昆士兰大学的经纬度
    uq_address = f"{uq_name}, QSL, St Lucia"  # 可能需要根据实际情况调整
    uq_location = geocode(uq_address)#经纬度
    if uq_location:
        uq_coordinates = f"{uq_location[0]}, {uq_location[1]}"
        for school in schools:# 使用学校名称、州和区信息搜索学校的地址
            school_address = f"{school['name']}, {school['suburb']}, {school['state']}, AU"
            school_location = geocode(school_address)# 获取学校的经纬度
            if school_location:
                school_coordinates = f"{school_location[0]},{school_location[1]}"
                # 计算学校和昆士兰大学之间的距离
                distance = calculate_distance(school_coordinates, uq_coordinates)
                if distance:
                    distance_km = distance / 1000  # 将距离从米转换为千米
                    print(
                        f"The distance between {school['name']} and the University of Queensland is {distance_km} kilometers.")
                    return distance_km
                else:
                    print(f"Distance calculation failed for {school['name']}.")
                    return 'Calculation failed'
            else:
                print(f"Geocoding failed for {school['name']}.")
                return 'Geocoding failed'
    else:
        print("Geocoding failed for the University of Queensland.")
        return 'Geocoding failed'

for id_, url in enumerate(page_urls):
    print(f"==============第 {id_} 页: {url}============")
    response = requests.get(url)
    html_content = response.text
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html.parser")
    # 定位学校信息的HTML元素
    school_elements = soup.find_all("div", class_="school-section")
    pbar = tqdm(total=len(school_elements), desc='处理进程')
    # 提取学校信息
    for school_element in school_elements:
        pbar.update(1)
        # 提取学校名称
        school_name = school_element.find("h2").text

        # 提取 state 信息
        state_info = school_element.find_all("div", class_="col")[2].find_all("p")
        state_label = state_info[0].text
        state_value = state_info[1].text

        # 计算距离
        _distance = school_distance(school_name, state_value.split(',')[1], state_value.split(',')[0])

        # 打印学校信息（或进行其他处理）
        print("School Name:", school_name)
        print(state_label + ":", state_value)
        print("School Name:", school_name)
        print(f"The distance between {school_name} and the University of Queensland is {_distance} kilometers.")
        print("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n")

pbar.close()
print('\n\n------------finish!!!------------')