function downloadFile(fileName){
var content = document.getElementById("content").value;
var aLink = document.createElement('a');
var blob = new Blob([content]);
var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
evt.initEvent("click", false, false);
aLink.download = fileName;
aLink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
aLink.dispatchEvent(evt);
}
<button name='file.txt' onclick='downloadFile(this.name)'>点击下载</button>
<textarea rows="10" cols="30" id="content">文本内容</textarea>