SAP-简单的OALV演示练习

首先介绍下什么是ALV，在R/3 4.6C之前ALV全称为ABAP List Viewer，在其后的版本中，已经正式更名为SAP List Viewer。ALV是SAP系统中心的列表标准，可以在ABAP程序中进行报表输出。除去传统列表的显示和少量交互功能之外，ALV还提供给系统用户多种其它丰富的交互功能。

使用ALV有两种方式，一种为传统的Call Function，另一种为面向对象的编程，为了有良好的编程习惯和跟随SAP技术的发展，在此，强烈推荐使用面向对象的编程来实现ALV，在此，本文档也是根据此来写的。

下面进行OALV的演示练习

1、使用se80创建程序及建立屏幕8002.

2、绘制容器


点击保存，激活后关闭。

3、创建对象时候的调用类




调用方法

REPORT YJQCS003.
*定义变量
DATA:CONTAINER   TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER, "存放ALV容器
     ALV         TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_ALV_GRID, "ALV的网格实例
     LT_FIELDCAT TYPE LVC_T_FCAT, "存放字段目录的内表
     LS_FIELDCAT TYPE LVC_S_FCAT,
     WA_LAYOUT   TYPE LVC_S_LAYO. "布局结构
DATA:OK_CODE TYPE SY-UCOMM."元素清单里的一致
*定义内表结构
TYPES:BEGIN OF TY_ALVSHOW,
        VBELN LIKE VBAK-VBELN,
        ERDAT LIKE VBAK-ERDAT,
        ERNAM LIKE VBAK-ERNAM,
        KUNNR LIKE  VBAK-KUNNR,
        POSNR LIKE VBAP-POSNR,
        MATNR LIKE VBAP-MATNR,
        MATKL LIKE VBAP-MATKL,
        ZMENG LIKE VBAP-ZMENG,
        ZIEME LIKE VBAP-ZIEME,
        WERKS LIKE VBAP-WERKS,
        LGORT LIKE VBAP-LGORT,
      END OF TY_ALVSHOW.
*定义内表及工作区
DATA:IT_ALVSHOW TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_ALVSHOW.
DATA:WA_ALVSHOW TYPE TY_ALVSHOW.

CALL SCREEN 8002."在调用module前调用屏幕，很重要

MODULE DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT.
  PERFORM DISPLAY_ALV. "封装显示数据函数
ENDMODULE.

FORM DISPLAY_ALV.
  "创建容器对象
  IF ALV IS INITIAL.
    CREATE OBJECT CONTAINER    "创建容器对象
      EXPORTING
        CONTAINER_NAME = 'CONTAINER'.
    IF CONTAINER IS NOT INITIAL.
      CREATE OBJECT ALV "创建ALV的网格实例
        EXPORTING
          I_PARENT = CONTAINER.
    ENDIF.

    PERFORM SET_FIELDCAT ."封装定义显示字段

    PERFORM SET_LAYOUT ."封装定义布局

    PERFORM GET_DATA."封装取数

    CALL METHOD ALV->SET_TABLE_FOR_FIRST_DISPLAY "调用显示ALV的方法
      EXPORTING
        I_SAVE                        = 'A'
        IS_LAYOUT                     = WA_LAYOUT
      CHANGING
        IT_OUTTAB                     = IT_ALVSHOW
        IT_FIELDCATALOG               = LT_FIELDCAT
      EXCEPTIONS
        INVALID_PARAMETER_COMBINATION = 1
        PROGRAM_ERROR                 = 2
        TOO_MANY_LINES                = 3
        OTHERS                        = 4.
    IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    ENDIF.
  ELSE.
    CALL METHOD ALV->REFRESH_TABLE_DISPLAY "如果有容器的话，调用刷新ALV的方法
      EXCEPTIONS
        FINISHED = 1
        OTHERS   = 2.
    IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.

MODULE STATUS_8002 OUTPUT.
  SET PF-STATUS 'STANDARD'. "这里使用SE41复制一个菜单
* SET TITLEBAR 'xxx'.
ENDMODULE.

MODULE USER_COMMAND_8002 INPUT. "调用屏幕事件
  CLEAR:OK_CODE.
  CASE OK_CODE.
    WHEN '&ADD'.
      LEAVE SCREEN.
    WHEN OTHERS.
  ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

FORM SET_FIELDCAT . "定义显示字段
  DATA:COL_POS TYPE I.
*  fieldcat
  COL_POS = 0.
*销售凭证列
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'VBELN'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-KEY = 'X'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '销售凭证'. "这个字段和常规的不一样，常规的为SELTEXT_M
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*创建日期
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ERDAT'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABLE  = 'VBAK'."这个字段和常规的不一样，常规的为REF_TABNAME
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*创建者
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ERNAM'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '创建人'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*售达方 自己起字段描述
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'KUNNR'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '客户'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*售达方1  参考数据字典表名
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'KUNNR'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABLE = 'VBAK'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*行号
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'POSNR'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABLE = 'VBAP'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*物料
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MATNR'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '物料编码'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*物料组
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MATKL'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '物料组'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*数量
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ZMENG'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '数量'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-DO_SUM = 'X'. "总计
  LS_FIELDCAT-EDIT = 'X'. "总计
  LS_FIELDCAT-DECIMALS = 3. "因为当编辑数量的时候，如果是小数，要指定小数位，否则输入数据之后回车会自动缩小，如果使用ref则不需要设置

  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*单位
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ZIEME'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '单位'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*工厂
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'WERKS'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABLE = 'VBAP'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*库位
  COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
  LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'LGORT'.
  LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
  LS_FIELDCAT-SCRTEXT_M = '库位'.
  APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
ENDFORM.
FORM SET_LAYOUT . "定义页面布局
  WA_LAYOUT-CWIDTH_OPT = 'X'.
  WA_LAYOUT-ZEBRA = 'X'.
  WA_LAYOUT-GRID_TITLE  = '销售订单查询报表'. "小标题
  WA_LAYOUT-SMALLTITLE = 'X'.
ENDFORM.
FORM GET_DATA."取数
  SELECT
  VBAK~VBELN  VBAK~ERDAT  VBAK~ERNAM  VBAK~KUNNR  VBAP~POSNR  VBAP~MATNR  VBAP~MATKL
  VBAP~ZMENG  VBAP~ZIEME  VBAP~WERKS  VBAP~LGORT  FROM VBAK
  INNER JOIN VBAP ON VBAK~VBELN = VBAP~VBELN
  INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_ALVSHOW UP TO 50 ROWS.
ENDFORM.

显示效果如下