最近在我的项目中需要对图片进行压缩, 解决问题之后,把调通的两种方式分享一下。
方法一原理:设置图片质量通过降低质量从而压缩大小,质量越低压缩比越高。
方法二原理:设置图片尺寸从而压缩大小。
PS:如碰到图片资源占用提示参考评论解决方式。
一、按大小压缩测试代码:
一测试效果:
一主要代码:
/// <summary>
/// 压缩图片至200 Kb以下
/// </summary>
/// <param name="img">图片</param>
/// <param name="format">图片格式</param>
/// <param name="targetLen">压缩后大小</param>
/// <param name="srcLen">原始大小</param>
/// <returns>压缩后的图片</returns>
public Image ZipImage(Image img, ImageFormat format, long targetLen, long srcLen = 0)
{
//设置大小偏差幅度 10kb
const long nearlyLen = 10240;
//内存流 如果参数中原图大小没有传递 则使用内存流读取
var ms = new MemoryStream();
if (0 == srcLen)
{
img.Save(ms, format);
srcLen = ms.Length;
}
//单位 由Kb转为byte 若目标大小高于原图大小,则满足条件退出
targetLen *= 1024;
if (targetLen > srcLen)
{
ms.SetLength(0);
ms.Position = 0;
img.Save(ms, format);
img = Image.FromStream(ms);
return img;
}
//获取目标大小最低值
var exitLen = targetLen - nearlyLen;
//初始化质量压缩参数 图像 内存流等
var quality = (long)Math.Floor(100.00 * targetLen / srcLen);
var parms = new EncoderParameters(1);
//获取编码器信息
//ImageCodecInfo formatInfo = null;
//var encoders = ImageCodecInfo.GetImageEncoders();
//foreach (ImageCodecInfo icf in encoders)
//{
// if (icf.FormatID == ImageFormat.Jpeg.Guid)
// {
// formatInfo = icf;
// break;
// }
//}
// 创建目标图像的编码参数,通过JPEG质量参数指定压缩质量
ImageCodecInfo formatInfo = GetEncoder(ImageFormat.Jpeg);
//使用二分法进行查找 最接近的质量参数
long startQuality = quality;
long endQuality = 100;
quality = (startQuality + endQuality) / 2;
while (true)
{
//设置质量
parms.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder.Quality, quality);
//清空内存流 然后保存图片
ms.SetLength(0);
ms.Position = 0;
img.Save(ms, formatInfo, parms);
//若压缩后大小低于目标大小,则满足条件退出
if (ms.Length >= exitLen && ms.Length <= targetLen)
{
break;
}
else if (startQuality >= endQuality) //区间相等无需再次计算
{
break;
}
else if (ms.Length < exitLen) //压缩过小,起始质量右移
{
startQuality = quality;
}
else //压缩过大 终止质量左移
{
endQuality = quality;
}
//重新设置质量参数 如果计算出来的质量没有发生变化,则终止查找。这样是为了避免重复计算情况{start:16,end:18} 和 {start:16,endQuality:17}
var newQuality = (startQuality + endQuality) / 2;
if (newQuality == quality)
{
break;
}
quality = newQuality;
//Console.WriteLine("start:{0} end:{1} current:{2}", startQuality, endQuality, quality);
}
img = Image.FromStream(ms);
return img;
}
/// <summary>
///获取图片格式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="img">图片</param>
/// <returns>默认返回JPEG</returns>
public ImageFormat GetImageFormat(Image img)
{
if (img.RawFormat.Equals(ImageFormat.Jpeg))
{
return ImageFormat.Jpeg;
}
if (img.RawFormat.Equals(ImageFormat.Gif))
{
return ImageFormat.Gif;
}
if (img.RawFormat.Equals(ImageFormat.Png))
{
return ImageFormat.Png;
}
if (img.RawFormat.Equals(ImageFormat.Bmp))
{
return ImageFormat.Bmp;
}
return ImageFormat.Jpeg;//根据实际情况选择返回指定格式还是null
}
/// <summary>
/// 按指定压缩质量进行压缩
/// 调用示例CompressImage("test.png", "tests.png", 50L);
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourcePath">原图路径</param>
/// <param name="destinationPath">保存路径</param>
/// <param name="quality">压缩质量</param>
public static void CompressImage(string sourcePath, string destinationPath, long quality)
{
// 加载原始图片
Image sourceImage = Image.FromFile(sourcePath);
// 创建目标图像的编码参数,通过JPEG质量参数指定压缩质量
ImageCodecInfo jpegCodec = GetEncoder(ImageFormat.Jpeg);
EncoderParameters encoderParameters = new EncoderParameters(1);
encoderParameters.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder.Quality, quality);
// 保存压缩后的图片
sourceImage.Save(destinationPath, jpegCodec, encoderParameters);
// 释放资源
sourceImage.Dispose();
}
private static ImageCodecInfo GetEncoder(ImageFormat format)
{
// 获取所有支持的图像编码器
ImageCodecInfo[] codecs = ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders();
// 找到第一个支持指定格式的编码器
foreach (ImageCodecInfo codec in codecs)
{
if (codec.FormatID == format.Guid)
{
return codec;
}
}
// 如果没有找到匹配的编码器则抛出异常
throw new ArgumentException("No appropriate encoder found.", nameof(format));
}
二、按尺寸压缩测试代码:
二测试效果:
二主要代码:
/// <summary>
/// 不管多大的图片都能在指定大小picturebox控件中显示
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bitmap">图片</param>
/// <param name="destHeight">picturebox控件高</param>
/// <param name="destWidth">picturebox控件宽</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private Image ZoomImage(Image bitmap, int destHeight, int destWidth)
{
try
{
System.Drawing.Image sourImage = bitmap;
int width = 0, height = 0;
//按比例缩放
int sourWidth = sourImage.Width;
int sourHeight = sourImage.Height;
if (sourHeight > destHeight || sourWidth > destWidth)
{
if ((sourWidth * destHeight) > (sourHeight * destWidth))
{
width = destWidth;
height = (destWidth * sourHeight) / sourWidth;
}
else
{
height = destHeight;
width = (sourWidth * destHeight) / sourHeight;
}
}
else
{
width = sourWidth;
height = sourHeight;
}
Bitmap destBitmap = new Bitmap(destWidth, destHeight);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(destBitmap);
g.Clear(Color.Transparent);
//设置画布的描绘质量
g.CompositingQuality = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
g.DrawImage(sourImage, new Rectangle((destWidth - width) / 2, (destHeight - height) / 2, width, height), 0, 0, sourImage.Width, sourImage.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
//g.DrawImage(sourImage, new Rectangle(0, 0, destWidth, destHeight), new Rectangle(0, 0, sourImage.Width, sourImage.Height), GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
g.Dispose();
//设置压缩质量
System.Drawing.Imaging.EncoderParameters encoderParams = new System.Drawing.Imaging.EncoderParameters();
long[] quality = new long[1];
quality[0] = 100;
System.Drawing.Imaging.EncoderParameter encoderParam = new System.Drawing.Imaging.EncoderParameter(System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder.Quality, quality);
encoderParams.Param[0] = encoderParam;
sourImage.Dispose();
return destBitmap;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return bitmap;
}
}
注意:
方法一按指定的大小进行压缩,得到的图片尺寸和原图一样
方法二按指定的尺寸进行压缩,得到的图片尺寸是指定的尺寸和原图不一样
附赠一个简易的bitmap防内存溢出方法
#region Bitmap 避免内存溢出
/// <summary>
/// 修改Bitmap 尺寸 避免内存溢出
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bmp">Bitmap原图</param>
/// <param name="newW">修改指定宽</param>
/// <param name="newH">修改指定高</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Bitmap KiResizeImage(Bitmap bmp, int newW, int newH)
{
//Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
//stopwatch.Start();
try
{
Bitmap b = new Bitmap(newW, newH);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(b);
g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
g.DrawImage(bmp, new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, newW, newH), new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height), GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
g.Dispose();
//stopwatch.Stop();
//TimeSpan timespan = stopwatch.Elapsed;
//Console.WriteLine("KiResizeImage函数运行时长:" + timespan.TotalMilliseconds);
return b;
}
catch
{
//stopwatch.Stop();
//TimeSpan timespan = stopwatch.Elapsed;
//Console.WriteLine("KiResizeImage函数运行时长(异常):" + timespan.TotalMilliseconds);
return null;
}
}
#endregion