静态多态和动态多态
以下代码是地址早绑定:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
void speak()
{
cout << "动物在说话" << endl;
}
};
class Cat :public Animal
{
void speak()
{
cout << "猫在说话" << endl;
}
};
//执行说话函数
void doSpeak(Animal &animal)
{
animal.speak();
}
void test01()
{
Cat cat;
doSpeak(cat);
}
int main(void)
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
可以看到打印出来的并不是我们本来想要打印的内容
在编译阶段却动函数地址
动态多态
地址晚绑定
class Animal
{
public:
virtual void speak()
{
cout << "动物在说话" << endl;
}
};
//动态多态
//重写 函数返回值类型 函数名 参数列表 完全相同
//动态多态使用
//父类的指针或者引用 执行类对象
虚函数指针
vfptr
虚函数表
vftable
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
virtual void speak()
{
cout << "动物在说话" << endl;
}
};
class Cat :public Animal
{
void speak()
{
cout << "猫在说话" << endl;
}
};
//执行说话函数
void doSpeak(Animal &animal)
{
animal.speak();
}
void test01()
{
Cat cat;
doSpeak(cat);
}
int main(void)
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
//动态多态
//重写 函数返回值类型 函数名 参数列表 完全相同
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//普通写法
class Caculator
{
public:
int m_Num1;//操作数1
int m_Num2;//操作数2
int getResult(string ope)
{
if (ope == "+")
{
return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
}
else if (ope == "-")
{
return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
}
else if (ope == "*")
{
return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
}
}
};
//利用多态实现计算器
class AbstractCalculator
{
public:
virtual int getResult()
{
return 0;
}
int m_Num1;//操作数1
int m_Num2;//操作数2
};
//加法计算器类
class Addcalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
}
};
//减法计算器类
class Subcalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
}
};
//乘法计算器类
class Mulcalculator:public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
}
};
void test01()
{
//创建对象
Caculator c;
c.m_Num1 = 10;
c.m_Num2 = 10;
cout << c.m_Num1 << " + " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("+") << endl;
cout << c.m_Num1 << " - " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("-") << endl;
cout << c.m_Num1 << " * " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("*") << endl;
//如果想扩展新的功能,需求修改源码
//在真是开发中 提倡 开闭原则
//开闭原则:对扩展进行开发,对修改进行关闭
}
void test02()
{
//多态的使用条件
//父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
AbstractCalculator *abc = new Addcalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 10;
abc->m_Num2 = 10;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << " + " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
delete abc;
}
int main(void)
{
//test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结:C++开发提倡利用多态设计程序架构,因为多态有点很多
当类中有了纯虚函数,这个类也称为抽象类。
纯虚虚构