Spring中Bean的常见注册方式

1. XML配置方式

1.1 简单Bean配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="tom" class="bean.Tom">
        <property name="name" value="tom"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

1.2 静态工厂

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
       
    <bean id="jack" class="bean.PersonStaticFactory" factory-method="getPerson">
        <constructor-arg value="jack"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

public class PersonStaticFactory {

    public static Person getPerson(String name) {
        if ("jack".equals(name)) {
            return new Jack("jack");
        }
        return null;
    }
}

1.3 实例工厂

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="personFactory" class="bean.PersonFactory"/>
    <bean id="peter" factory-bean="personFactory" factory-method="getPerson">
        <constructor-arg value="peter"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

public class PersonFactory {

    public Person getPerson(String name) {
        if ("peter".equals(name)) {
            return new Peter("peter");
        }
        return null;
    }
}

1.4 @Controller @Service @Component @Repository

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.*"/>
</beans>

测试

public class XmlBeanTest {

    @Test
    public void testXmlBean() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        for (String beanDefinitionName : applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
            System.out.println(beanDefinitionName);
        }
    }
}

2. 注解(annotation)配置方式

2.1 @Bean

@Configuration
public class BeanConfig {

    //默认方法名为Bean的ID
    @Bean
    public Tony tony() {
        return new Tony("tony");
    }
}

2.2 @Controller @Service @Component @Repository

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "com.demo.*")
public class BeanConfig {

}

测试

public class AnnotationBeanTest {

    @Test
    public void testAnnotationBean() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);
        for (String beanDefinitionName : applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
            System.out.println(beanDefinitionName);
        }
    }
}

3. 其它配置方式

3.1 @Import

@Configuration
@Import(Bob.class)
public class BeanConfig {   

}

3.2 ImportSelector

@Configuration
@Import(MyImportSelector.class)
public class BeanConfig {

}

public class MyImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        return new String[]{"bean.Jay"};
    }
}

3.3 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar

@Configuration
@Import(MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)
public class BeanConfig {

}

public class MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {

    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
        rootBeanDefinition.setBeanClass(Allen.class);
        registry.registerBeanDefinition("allen", rootBeanDefinition);
    }
}

3.4 FactoryBean

@Component
public class DylanFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Dylan> {

    @Override
    public Dylan getObject() throws Exception {
        return new Dylan();
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return Dylan.class;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSingleton() {
        return true;
    }
}

注意：此时容器注入的bean名字虽然是DylanFactoryBean，但是通过applicationContext.getBean(“dylanFactoryBean”)获取的对象却是Dylan，如果要获取factoryBean本身使用“&”前缀，如：applicationContext.getBean("&dylanFactoryBean")

3.5 BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor

@Component
public class MyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry beanDefinitionRegistry)
            throws BeansException {
        RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
        rootBeanDefinition.setBeanClass(May.class);
        beanDefinitionRegistry.registerBeanDefinition("may", rootBeanDefinition);
    }

    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory configurableListableBeanFactory)
            throws BeansException {
    }
}

3.6 BeanPostProcessor

@Component
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if (beanName.equals("car")) {
            return new CarWapper((Car) bean);
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        return bean;
    }
}

3.7 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

@Component
public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor implements InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if (beanName.equals("may")) {
            return new MayProxy();
        }
        return null;
    }
}