总的规则就是:派生类的访问权限规则如下:
1.不管以什么继承方式,派生类内部都不能访问基类的私有成员。
2.不管以什么继承方式,派生类内部除了基类的私有成员不可以访问外,其他的都可以访问。
3.不管以什么继承方式,派生类对象除了公有继承基类中的公有成员可以访问外,其他的一律不能访问
我们先试一下public继承
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class Point
{
public:
Point(int ix=0,int iy=0)
:_ix(ix)
,_iy(iy)
{
cout<<"Point(int = 0,int = 0)"<<endl;
}
int getY()const
{
return _iy;
}
~Point()
{
cout<<"~Point()"<<endl;
}
protected:
int _ix;
private:
int _iy;
};
class Point3D
:public Point
{
public:
Point3D(int ix = 0,int iy = 0,int iz = 0)
:Point(ix,iy)
, _iz(iz)
{
cout<<"Point3D(int=0,int=0,int=0)"<<endl;
}
void print()
{
cout<<"_ix="<<_ix<<endl//protected
<<"_iy="<<getY()<<endl//public
/* <<"_iy="<<_iy<<endl;//error,基类的私有成员不能在类外进行访问 */
<<"_iz="<<_iz<<endl;
}
~Point3D()
{
cout<<"~Point3D()"<<endl;
}
private:
int _iz;
};
int main()
{
Point3D pt3d(1,2,3);
pt3d.getY();
return 0;
}
可以完美的编译通过
接下来private继承又有点不同
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class Point
{
public:
Point(int ix=0,int iy=0)
:_ix(ix)
,_iy(iy)
{
cout<<"Point(int=0,int=0)"<<endl;
}
int getY()const
{
return _iy;
}
~Point()
{
cout<<"~Point()"<<endl;
}
protected:
int _ix;
private:
int _iy;
};
class Point3D
:private Point
{
public:
Point3D(int ix=0,int iy=0,int iz=0)
:Point(ix,iy)
,_iz(iz)
{
cout<<"Point3D(int=0,int=0,int=0)"<<endl;
}
void print()
{
cout<<"_ix="<<_ix<<endl//private
<<"_iy="<<getY()<<endl//private
/* <<"_iy="<<_iy<<endl//error,基类的私有成员不能在类外进行访问 */
<<"_iz="<<_iz<<endl;
}
~Point3D()
{
cout<<"~Point3D()"<<endl;
}
private:
int _iz;
};
class Point4D
:private Point3D
{
public:
void show()
{
/* cout<<"_ix="<<_ix<<endl */
/* <<"_iy="<<getY()<<endl; */
cout<<"_im="<<_im<<endl;
}
private:
int _im;
};
int main()
{
Point3D pt3d(1,2,3);
/* pt3d._ix=100;//error */
/* pt3d.getY();//error */
return 0;
}
对一个私有继承再继承一次的话,Point3D所有的所有成员都是private,Point4D的便不能访问Point3D的任何成员。