stm32学习笔记---STM32F4知识

一、STM32F4存储器映射

1、Cortex-M4存储器映射

存储器本身没有地址,给存储器分配地址的过程叫存储器映射
在这里插入图片描述
注:被控单元的FLASH,RAM和各类片上外设,这些功能部件共同排列在一个 4GB 的地址空间内,每个外设都有自己独有地址。我们在编程的时候,可以通过他们的地址找到他们,然后来操作他们
在这里插入图片描述
Cortex-m4处理器的4GB存储空间从架构上被分为多个区域,每个区域对应一种推荐用途

2、STM32F407存储器映射

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注意:外设起始地址:0x4000 0000

3、STM32F4 存储器映像和外设寄存器编址

在这里插入图片描述
参看STM32F4XX中文参考手册2.3节

4、如何访问寄存器

以GPIOA寄存器组为例、如何读写ODR寄存器?

已知GPIOA的起始地址为0x40020000
各寄存器的偏移地址如下:

MODER; /*Address offset: 0x00 */
OTYPER; /*Address offset: 0x04 */
OSPEEDR; /*Address offset: 0x08 */
PUPDR; /*Address offset: 0x0C */
IDR; /*Address offset: 0x10 */
ODR; /*Address offset: 0x14 */
BSRR; /*Address offset: 0x18 */
LCKR; /*Address offset: 0x1C */

4.1、第一种方式

对地址进行宏定义

#define     GPIOA_BASE        ( (unsigned int ) 0x40020000 )
#define     GPIOA_ODR         ( GPIOA_BASE  +  0x14 )

读操作

val  = *(unsigned int *) GPIOA_ODR  ;

写操作

*(unsigned int *)  GPIOA_ODR = val  ;

改进

#define     GPIOA_ODR    *(unsigned int *) ( GPIOA_BASE  +  0x14 )
val  = GPIOA_ODR  ;    //读
GPIOA_ODR = val  ;     //写
4.2、第二种方式

用结构体封装寄存器
用上面的方法去定义地址,还是稍显繁琐、根据我们每一类外设对应的寄存器组地址都是连续增长的特点,我们引入 C 语言中的结构体语法对寄存器进行封装。

typedef struct {
	uint32_t		MODER;        	 /*Address offset: 0x00 */
	uint32_t		OTYPER; 	/*Address offset: 0x04 */
	uint32_t		OSPEEDR; 	/*Address offset: 0x08 */
	uint32_t		PUPDR;	 	/*Address offset: 0x0C */
	uint32_t		IDR; 		/*Address offset: 0x10 */
	uint32_t		ODR; 		/*Address offset: 0x14 */
	uint32_t		BSRR; 		/*Address offset: 0x18 */
	uint32_t		LCKR; 		/*Address offset: 0x1C */
} GPIO_TypeDef;

#define     GPIOA_BASE        ( (unsigned int ) 0x40020000 )
#define     GPIOA	 ((GPIO_TypeDef *) GPIOA_BASE)

注:我们访问GPIOA的控制寄存器组时、直接使用宏定义好 GPIO_TypeDef 类型的指针,而且指针指向 GPIOA端口的首地址,这样我们直接用宏GPIOA访问改外设的任意一个寄存器
“stm32f407xx.h”已经封装了所有的外设
GPIOA->MODER = 0x20 ;
GPIOA->OSPEEDR = 0x16 ;

二、STM32F4启动流程详解

1、STM32F4启动流程

在这里插入图片描述
注:Cortex-M4 的程序映像通常是从地址 0x00000000 开始的、系统复位后,处理器首先读取向量表中的前两个字(8 个字节),第一个字存入 MSP(主栈指针),第二个字为复位向量,它表示程序执行的起始地址(复位处理)
在这里插入图片描述
注:存放地址要为奇数(0x08000c59)

1.1、STM32F4的启动模式

STM32的flash起始地址为0x08000000。CPU怎么从0x00000000处运行的?
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  • 根据启动模式的不同,用户闪存、系统闪存和SRAM都可以映射到0x0的低端地址;
  • 我们的板可以通过拨码开关来选择启动方式

2、C程序的内存排布

堆、栈是什么?为什么要有堆栈?
STM32开发主要是C语言,C语言的运行必须要堆栈的环境,函数的调用,传参数要放到内存里,保存起来,函数执行时要去获取参数,需要一片空间(栈空间)。因此我需要在程序的一开始设置好堆栈,以便运行C函数
在这里插入图片描述
注:
栈的作用是用于局部变量,函数调用,函数形参等的开销
堆主要用来动态内存的分配(c语言要用到malloc)

3、程序的组成

为什么堆栈要分配到SRAM中?在FLASH中可以吗?
SRAM读写速度快掉电易失,NOR FLASH读快,写非常慢掉电不易失,因为栈的数据是可读可写的,需要写,就放在SRAM中。
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程序的加载
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RO Size= Code + ROData (程序占用FLASH空间的大小)
RW Size=RW Data + ZI Data (运行时程序占用RAM空间的大小)
ROM Size=Code + RO Data + RWData (烧写时程序占用FLASH空间的大小)

三、STM32F407启动文件分析

在这里插入图片描述
主要功能:

  • 初始化堆栈指针 SP;
  • 初始化程序计数器指针 PC;
  • 设置堆、栈的大小;
  • 设置中断向量表的入口地址;
  • 调用 SystemIni() 函数配置 STM32 的系统时钟。
  • 设置 C库的分支入口“__main”(最终用来调用 main 函数);
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2017 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name          : startup_stm32f407xx.s
;* Author             : MCD Application Team
;* Description        : STM32F407xx devices vector table for MDK-ARM toolchain. 
;*                      This module performs:
;*                      - Set the initial SP
;*                      - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;*                      - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;*                      - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;*                        calls main()).
;*                      After Reset the CortexM4 processor is in Thread mode,
;*                      priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>   
;*******************************************************************************
; 
;* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
;* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
;*   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
;*      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
;*   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
;*      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
;*      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
;*   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
;*      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
;*      without specific prior written permission.
;*
;* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
;* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
;* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
;* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
;* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
;* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
;* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
;* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
;* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
;* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
; 
;*******************************************************************************

; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
;   <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

Stack_Size		EQU     0x400								;定义栈的大小1K

                AREA    STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3	;AREA 是定义一个段,此处定义的是栈段,没有初始化的段,可读可写,align是说段的起始地址应该是8的倍数
Stack_Mem       SPACE   Stack_Size							;SPACE 是为栈分配空间,开辟栈空间大小为0x400
__initial_sp												;__initial_sp是个标号,这个标号指向栈的栈顶


; <h> Heap Configuration
;   <o>  Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

Heap_Size      EQU     0x200								;定义堆的大小 512byte

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3	;AREA 是定义一个段,此处定义的是堆段,没有初始化的段,可读可写,8字节对齐
__heap_base													;堆的起始地址
Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size							;开始分配堆的空间
__heap_limit												;堆的结束地址

                PRESERVE8
                THUMB


; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
                AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY				;此处定义的数据段,数据段放的是中断向量表,只读
                EXPORT  __Vectors							;EXPORT在程序中声明一个全局的标号__Vectors,该标号可在其它的文件中引用
                EXPORT  __Vectors_End
                EXPORT  __Vectors_Size
															;DCD指令以字为单位分配内存,要求4字节对齐,并要求初始化这些内存。
															;在向量表中,DCD 分配了一堆内存,并且以 ISR 的入口地址初始化它们。
												
__Vectors       DCD     __initial_sp               ; Top of Stack	存放__initial_sp,也就是堆栈栈顶的地址
                DCD     Reset_Handler              ; Reset Handler
                DCD     NMI_Handler                ; NMI Handler
                DCD     HardFault_Handler          ; Hard Fault Handler
                DCD     MemManage_Handler          ; MPU Fault Handler
                DCD     BusFault_Handler           ; Bus Fault Handler
                DCD     UsageFault_Handler         ; Usage Fault Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     SVC_Handler                ; SVCall Handler
                DCD     DebugMon_Handler           ; Debug Monitor Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     PendSV_Handler             ; PendSV Handler
                DCD     SysTick_Handler            ; SysTick Handler

                ; External Interrupts
                DCD     WWDG_IRQHandler                   ; Window WatchDog                                        
                DCD     PVD_IRQHandler                    ; PVD through EXTI Line detection                        
                DCD     TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler             ; Tamper and TimeStamps through the EXTI line            
                DCD     RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler               ; RTC Wakeup through the EXTI line                       
                DCD     FLASH_IRQHandler                  ; FLASH                                           
                DCD     RCC_IRQHandler                    ; RCC                                             
                DCD     EXTI0_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line0                                             
                DCD     EXTI1_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line1                                             
                DCD     EXTI2_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line2                                             
                DCD     EXTI3_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line3                                             
                DCD     EXTI4_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line4                                             
                DCD     DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 0                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 1                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 2                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 3                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 4                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 5                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 6                                   
                DCD     ADC_IRQHandler                    ; ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3s                            
                DCD     CAN1_TX_IRQHandler                ; CAN1 TX                                                
                DCD     CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler               ; CAN1 RX0                                               
                DCD     CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler               ; CAN1 RX1                                               
                DCD     CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler               ; CAN1 SCE                                               
                DCD     EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                ; External Line[9:5]s                                    
                DCD     TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler          ; TIM1 Break and TIM9                   
                DCD     TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler          ; TIM1 Update and TIM10                 
                DCD     TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler     ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM11
                DCD     TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                ; TIM1 Capture Compare                                   
                DCD     TIM2_IRQHandler                   ; TIM2                                            
                DCD     TIM3_IRQHandler                   ; TIM3                                            
                DCD     TIM4_IRQHandler                   ; TIM4                                            
                DCD     I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                ; I2C1 Event                                             
                DCD     I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                ; I2C1 Error                                             
                DCD     I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                ; I2C2 Event                                             
                DCD     I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                ; I2C2 Error                                               
                DCD     SPI1_IRQHandler                   ; SPI1                                            
                DCD     SPI2_IRQHandler                   ; SPI2                                            
                DCD     USART1_IRQHandler                 ; USART1                                          
                DCD     USART2_IRQHandler                 ; USART2                                          
                DCD     USART3_IRQHandler                 ; USART3                                          
                DCD     EXTI15_10_IRQHandler              ; External Line[15:10]s                                  
                DCD     RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler              ; RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line                  
                DCD     OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler            ; USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line                        
                DCD     TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler         ; TIM8 Break and TIM12                  
                DCD     TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler          ; TIM8 Update and TIM13                 
                DCD     TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler     ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation and TIM14
                DCD     TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                ; TIM8 Capture Compare                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream7                                           
                DCD     FMC_IRQHandler                    ; FMC                                             
                DCD     SDIO_IRQHandler                   ; SDIO                                            
                DCD     TIM5_IRQHandler                   ; TIM5                                            
                DCD     SPI3_IRQHandler                   ; SPI3                                            
                DCD     UART4_IRQHandler                  ; UART4                                           
                DCD     UART5_IRQHandler                  ; UART5                                           
                DCD     TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler               ; TIM6 and DAC1&2 underrun errors                   
                DCD     TIM7_IRQHandler                   ; TIM7                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 0                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 1                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 2                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 3                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 4                                   
                DCD     ETH_IRQHandler                    ; Ethernet                                        
                DCD     ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler               ; Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line                      
                DCD     CAN2_TX_IRQHandler                ; CAN2 TX                                                
                DCD     CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler               ; CAN2 RX0                                               
                DCD     CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler               ; CAN2 RX1                                               
                DCD     CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler               ; CAN2 SCE                                               
                DCD     OTG_FS_IRQHandler                 ; USB OTG FS                                      
                DCD     DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 5                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 6                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 7                                   
                DCD     USART6_IRQHandler                 ; USART6                                           
                DCD     I2C3_EV_IRQHandler                ; I2C3 event                                             
                DCD     I2C3_ER_IRQHandler                ; I2C3 error                                             
                DCD     OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler         ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out                      
                DCD     OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler          ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 In                       
                DCD     OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler            ; USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI                         
                DCD     OTG_HS_IRQHandler                 ; USB OTG HS                                      
                DCD     DCMI_IRQHandler                   ; DCMI  
                DCD     0                                 ; Reserved				                              
                DCD     HASH_RNG_IRQHandler               ; Hash and Rng
                DCD     FPU_IRQHandler                    ; FPU
                
                                         
__Vectors_End

__Vectors_Size  EQU  __Vectors_End - __Vectors

                AREA    |.text|, CODE, READONLY				;.text  一般代表代码段,这里就是定义一段代码段

; Reset handler
Reset_Handler    PROC										;PROC 是子程序定义伪指令。这里就相当于 C语言里定义了一个函数,函数名为 Reset_Handler。
                 EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK]   ;关键字[WEAK] 表示弱定义,如果编译器发现在别处定义了同名的函数,则在链接时用别处的地址进行链接
        IMPORT  SystemInit									;;IMPORT则表明后面标号所代表的函数是在其它文件定义的
        IMPORT  __main

                 LDR     R0, =SystemInit					;复位子程序是系统上电后第一个执行的程序,调用 SystemInit 函数初始化系统时钟
                 BLX     R0
                 LDR     R0, =__main						;__main 是一个标准的 C 库函数,主要作用是初始化用户堆栈,并在函数的最后调用main 函数去到 C 的世界
                 BX      R0
                 ENDP

; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)

NMI_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  NMI_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  HardFault_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  MemManage_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  BusFault_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  UsageFault_Handler         [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SVC_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  SVC_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  DebugMon_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
PendSV_Handler  PROC
                EXPORT  PendSV_Handler             [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
                EXPORT  SysTick_Handler            [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP

Default_Handler PROC

                EXPORT  WWDG_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                        
                EXPORT  PVD_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                      
                EXPORT  TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler             [WEAK]         
                EXPORT  RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                     
                EXPORT  FLASH_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                         
                EXPORT  RCC_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  EXTI0_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  EXTI1_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  EXTI2_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  EXTI3_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                           
                EXPORT  EXTI4_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  ADC_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                         
                EXPORT  CAN1_TX_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                                
                EXPORT  CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                                
                EXPORT  CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                                
                EXPORT  EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                    
                EXPORT  TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                  
                EXPORT  TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                
                EXPORT  TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler     [WEAK] 
                EXPORT  TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  TIM2_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  TIM3_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  TIM4_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  SPI1_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                           
                EXPORT  SPI2_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  USART1_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                          
                EXPORT  USART2_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                          
                EXPORT  USART3_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                         
                EXPORT  EXTI15_10_IRQHandler              [WEAK]                                  
                EXPORT  RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler              [WEAK]                  
                EXPORT  OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler            [WEAK]                        
                EXPORT  TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler         [WEAK]                 
                EXPORT  TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                 
                EXPORT  TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler     [WEAK] 
                EXPORT  TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                          
                EXPORT  FMC_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  SDIO_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  TIM5_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  SPI3_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  UART4_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  UART5_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                   
                EXPORT  TIM7_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                    
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                  
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                    
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                    
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                 
                EXPORT  ETH_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                                         
                EXPORT  ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                     
                EXPORT  CAN2_TX_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  OTG_FS_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                       
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  USART6_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                           
                EXPORT  I2C3_EV_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                              
                EXPORT  I2C3_ER_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                              
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler         [WEAK]                      
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                      
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler            [WEAK]                        
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                      
                EXPORT  DCMI_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                                                                 
                EXPORT  HASH_RNG_IRQHandler               [WEAK]
                EXPORT  FPU_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]
                
WWDG_IRQHandler                                                       
PVD_IRQHandler                                      
TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler                  
RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
FLASH_IRQHandler                                                       
RCC_IRQHandler                                                            
EXTI0_IRQHandler                                                          
EXTI1_IRQHandler                                                           
EXTI2_IRQHandler                                                          
EXTI3_IRQHandler                                                         
EXTI4_IRQHandler                                                          
DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler                                       
DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler                                          
ADC_IRQHandler                                         
CAN1_TX_IRQHandler                                                            
CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler                                                          
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler                                                           
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler                                                           
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                                                
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler                        
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler                      
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler  
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                                               
TIM2_IRQHandler                                                           
TIM3_IRQHandler                                                           
TIM4_IRQHandler                                                           
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                                                         
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                                                         
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                                                        
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                                                           
SPI1_IRQHandler                                                          
SPI2_IRQHandler                                                           
USART1_IRQHandler                                                       
USART2_IRQHandler                                                       
USART3_IRQHandler                                                      
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler                                            
RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler                            
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler                      
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler                       
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler  
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                                               
DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler                                                 
FMC_IRQHandler                                                            
SDIO_IRQHandler                                                            
TIM5_IRQHandler                                                            
SPI3_IRQHandler                                                            
UART4_IRQHandler                                                          
UART5_IRQHandler                                                          
TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler                            
TIM7_IRQHandler                              
DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler                                         
DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler                                          
DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler                                           
DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler                                           
DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler                                        
ETH_IRQHandler                                                         
ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
CAN2_TX_IRQHandler                                                           
CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler                                                          
CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler                                                          
CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler                                                          
OTG_FS_IRQHandler                                                    
DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler                                          
DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler                                          
DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler                                          
USART6_IRQHandler                                                        
I2C3_EV_IRQHandler                                                          
I2C3_ER_IRQHandler                                                          
OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler                           
OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler                            
OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
OTG_HS_IRQHandler                                                   
DCMI_IRQHandler                                                                                                             
HASH_RNG_IRQHandler
FPU_IRQHandler  
           
                B       .

                ENDP

                ALIGN

;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
                 IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB
                
                 EXPORT  __initial_sp
                 EXPORT  __heap_base
                 EXPORT  __heap_limit
                
                 ELSE
                
                 IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory
                 EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap
                 
__user_initial_stackheap

                 LDR     R0, =  Heap_Mem
                 LDR     R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
                 LDR     R2, = (Heap_Mem +  Heap_Size)
                 LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem
                 BX      LR

                 ALIGN

                 ENDIF

                 END

;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****
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STM32是一款非常流行的嵌入式微控制器系列,它具有强大的性能和丰富的外设资源。在学习STM32时,掌握如何进行Flash读写是非常重要的。 Flash是一种非易失性存储器,可以用来存储程序代码和数据。在STM32中,Flash存储器通常用来存储应用程序代码。下面是一个简单的Flash读写程序的示例: 1.首先,我们需要包含适用于所使用的STM32型号的头文件。例如,对于STM32F4系列,我们需要包含"stm32f4xx.h"。 2.然后,我们需要定义一个指向Flash存储器的指针变量。例如,可以使用如下代码:`uint32_t* flash_address = (uint32_t*)0x08000000;`其中0x08000000是Flash存储器的起始地址。 3.要读取Flash存储器中的数据,我们可以通过以下代码实现:`data = *flash_address;`其中data是一个变量,用于存储读取到的数据。 4.要写入数据到Flash存储器中,我们可以通过以下代码实现:`*flash_address = data;`其中data是要写入的数据。 需要注意的是,STM32Flash存储器是有写保护机制的,因此在写入数据之前,我们需要禁用写保护。可以使用以下代码禁用写保护:`FLASH->KEYR = 0x45670123; FLASH->KEYR = 0xCDEF89AB;`然后才能进行数据写入。 另外,为了确保数据的完整性,我们可以使用CRC校验来验证Flash存储器中的程序代码的正确性。可以使用库函数来计算校验和,然后将其与预期的校验和进行比较以进行验证。 综上所述,掌握STM32Flash读写操作对于嵌入式系统的开发非常重要。上述示例代码可以帮助我们快速进行Flash读写操作,同时注意写保护和数据校验可以提高数据的安全性和可靠性。
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