Netty入门

Netty入门

Netty应用场景
1.分布式开源框架中dubbo、Zookeeper，RocketMQ底层rpc通讯使用就是netty。
2.游戏开发中，底层使用netty通讯。
为什么选择netty

在本小节，我们总结下为什么不建议开发者直接使用JDK的NIO类库进行开发的原因：

NIO的类库和API繁杂，使用麻烦，你需要熟练掌握Selector、ServerSocketChannel、SocketChannel、ByteBuffer等；

需要具备其它的额外技能做铺垫，例如熟悉Java多线程编程，因为NIO编程涉及到Reactor模式，你必须对多线程和网路编程非常熟悉，才能编写出高质量的NIO程序；

可靠性能力补齐，工作量和难度都非常大。例如客户端面临断连重连、网络闪断、半包读写、失败缓存、网络拥塞和异常码流的处理等等，NIO编程的特点是功能开发相对容易，但是可靠性能力补齐工作量和难度都非常大；

JDK NIO的BUG，例如臭名昭著的epoll bug，它会导致Selector空轮询，最终导致CPU 100%。官方声称在JDK1.6版本的update18修复了该问题，但是直到JDK1.7版本该问题仍旧存在，只不过该bug发生概率降低了一些而已，它并没有被根本解决。

代码示例

package com.supercoder;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

class ServerHanlder extends SimpleChannelHandler {
	// 通道被关闭的时候会触发
	@Override
	public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.channelClosed(ctx, e);
		System.out.println("channelClosed");
	}

	// 必须要建立连接，关闭通道的时候才会触发
	@Override
	public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
		System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
	}

	// 接受出现异常
	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
		System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
	}

	// 接受客户端数据..
	@Override
	public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
		//System.out.println("messageReceived");
		System.out.println("server get a message:" + e.getMessage());
		ctx.getChannel().write("continue!");
	}
}

// netty 服务器端
public class NettyServer {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 1.创建服务对象
		ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
		// 2.创建两个线程池 第一个 监听端口号 nio监听
		ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		ExecutorService wook = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		// 3.将线程池放入工程
		serverBootstrap.setFactory(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boos, wook));
		// 4.设置管道工程
		serverBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
			// 设置管道
			public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
				ChannelPipeline pipeline = org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels.pipeline();
				// 传输数据的时候直接为string类型
				pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
				pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
				// 设置事件监听类
				pipeline.addLast("serverHanlder", new ServerHanlder());
				return pipeline;

			}
		});
		// 绑定端口号
		serverBootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
		System.out.println("server started.....");
//		while (true) {
//			try {
//				Thread.sleep(500);
//			} catch (Exception e) {
//				// TODO: handle exception
//			}
//			System.out.println("每隔0.五秒打印.....");
//
//		}
	}

}

//Netty客户端

package com.supercoder;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;


class ClientHanlder extends SimpleChannelHandler{
	
	// 通道被关闭的时候会触发
	@Override
	public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.channelClosed(ctx, e);
		System.out.println("channelClosed");
	}

	// 必须要建立连接，关闭通道的时候才会触发
	@Override
	public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
		System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
	}

	// 接受出现异常
	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
		System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
	}

	// 接受客户端数据..
	@Override
	public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
		super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
		System.out.println("messageReceived");
		System.out.println("client get a message from server:" + e.getMessage());
	}
}
//netty客户端 
public class NettyClinet {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 1.创建服务对象
		ClientBootstrap clientBootstrap = new ClientBootstrap();
		// 2.创建两个线程池 第一个 监听端口号 nio监听
		ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		ExecutorService wook = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		// 3.将线程池放入工程
		clientBootstrap.setFactory(new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(boos, wook));
		// 4.设置管道工程
		clientBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
			// 设置管道
			public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
				ChannelPipeline pipeline = org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels.pipeline();
				// 传输数据的时候直接为string类型
				pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
				pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
				// 设置事件监听类
				pipeline.addLast("clientHanlder", new ClientHanlder());
				return pipeline;

			}
		});
		// 绑定端口号
		ChannelFuture connect = clientBootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080));
		Channel channel = connect.getChannel();
		System.out.println("client start");
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		boolean flag = false;
        while (!flag) {
        	System.out.println("input your order:");
        	String msg = scanner.next();
        	if("exit".equalsIgnoreCase(msg)){
        		System.out.println("exit programe......");
        		flag = true;
        		scanner.close();
        	}
        	channel.write(msg);
		}
	}
}

//Maven坐标
<dependency>
	<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
	<artifactId>netty</artifactId>
	<version>3.3.0.Final</version>
</dependency>