Python正则表达式及re模块使用

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-01 22:08:31 发布

weixin_43089784

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-01 22:08:31 发布

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文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43089784/article/details/124131675

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1、正则表达式

元字符：具有固定含义的特殊符号：
常用元字符：
. 匹配除了换行以外的任意字符
\w 匹配字母或者数字或下划线
\s 匹配任意的空白符
\d 匹配数字
\n 匹配一个换行符
\t 匹配一个制表符

^ 匹配字符串的开始
$ 匹配字符串的结尾

\W 匹配非字母或数字或下划线
\D 匹配非数字
\S 匹配非空白符
a|b 匹配字符a或字符b
() 匹配括号内的表达式，也表示一个组
[…] 匹配字符组中的字符
[^…] 匹配除了字符组中的所有字符

量词：控制前面的元字符出现的次数

* 重复零次或者更多次
+ 重复一次或更多次
? 重复零次或者一次
{n} 重复n次
{n,} 重复n次或者更多次
{n,m} 重复n到m次

贪婪匹配和惰性匹配
.* 贪婪匹配，尽可能多的去匹配结果
.*? 惰性匹配，尽可能少的去匹配结果----->回溯

正则匹配测试地址：
tool.oschina.net/regex

2、re模块使用

2.1 查找

结果=re.findall(正则，字符串)，建议在正则前使用r,防止转义，其中结果返回的是列表

res1=re.findall(r'\d+',"我今年35了，年薪40w。")
print(res1)
结果
['35', '40']

结果=re.finditer(正则，字符串)，建议在正则前使用r,防止转义，其中结果返回的是迭代器，迭代器中返回的是一个Match对象，从每一个macth对象中通过group分组中拿取结果。

res2=re.finditer(r'\d+',"我今年35了，年薪40w。")
print(res1)
for it in res2:
    print(it)
    print(it.group())
 
 结果：
<re.Match object; span=(3, 5), match='35'>
35
<re.Match object; span=(9, 11), match='40'>
40

结果=re.search(正则，字符串) 建议在正则前使用r,防止转义，其中结果返回的是是一个Match对象，从每一个macth对象中通过group分组中拿取结果。search方法进行全局搜索，搜索到第一个结果了，就会返回，不再继续向下搜索。

res3=re.search(r'\d+',"我今年35了，年薪40w。")
print(res3)
print(res3.group())
结果
<re.Match object; span=(3, 5), match='35'>
35

obj=re.compile(正则表达式) 编译好一个正则表达式，然后通过obj.findall(字符串)进行快速匹配，可以提升效率，

我们还是拿上述示例进行测试

str="我今年35了，年薪40w。"
obj=re.compile(r'\d+')
res1=obj.findall(str)
res2=obj.finditer(str)
res3=obj.search(str)
print(res1)
for it in res2:
    print(it)
    print(it.group())
print(res3)
print(res3.group())

结果：
['35', '40']
<re.Match object; span=(3, 5), match='35'>
35
<re.Match object; span=(9, 11), match='40'>
40
<re.Match object; span=(3, 5), match='35'>
35

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                                <a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_a_tl'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/35312437/?from=showing" class="">奇迹·笨小孩...</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="rating">
                                        <span class="rating-star allstar40"></span><span class="subject-rate">7.4</span>
                            </li>
                                <li class="ticket_btn"><span><a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_b_tc'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/ticket/redirect/?movie_id=35312437" target="_blank">选座购票</a></span></li>
                        </ul>
                        
                        
                    <li class="ui-slide-item"  data-title="长津湖之水门桥" data-release="2022" data-rate="7.2" data-star="35" data-trailer="https://movie.douban.com/subject/35613853/trailer" data-ticket="https://movie.douban.com/ticket/redirect/?movie_id=35613853" data-duration="149分钟" data-region="中国大陆" data-director="徐克" data-actors="吴京 / 易烊千玺 / 朱亚文" data-intro="" data-enough="true" data-rater="240778">
                        <ul class="">
                            <li class="poster">
                                <a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_a_pst'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/35613853/?from=showing">
                                    <img src="https://img2.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2846021991.webp" alt="长津湖之水门桥" rel="nofollow" class="" />
                                </a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="title">
                                <a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_a_tl'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/35613853/?from=showing" class="">长津湖之水门...</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="rating">
                                        <span class="rating-star allstar35"></span><span class="subject-rate">7.2</span>
                            </li>
                                <li class="ticket_btn"><span><a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_b_tc'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/ticket/redirect/?movie_id=35613853" target="_blank">选座购票</a></span></li>
                        </ul>
                        
                        
                    <li class="ui-slide-item"  data-title="熊出没·重返地球" data-release="2022" data-rate="6.5" data-star="35" data-trailer="https://movie.douban.com/subject/35377026/trailer" data-ticket="https://movie.douban.com/ticket/redirect/?movie_id=35377026" data-duration="99分钟" data-region="中国大陆" data-director="林汇达" data-actors="张秉君 / 张伟 / 谭笑" data-intro="" data-enough="true" data-rater="20405">
                        <ul class="">
                            <li class="poster">
                                <a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_a_pst'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/35377026/?from=showing">
                                    <img src="https://img2.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2856825681.webp" alt="熊出没·重返地球" rel="nofollow" class="" />
                                </a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="title">
                                <a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_a_tl'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/35377026/?from=showing" class="">熊出没·重返...</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="rating">
                                        <span class="rating-star allstar35"></span><span class="subject-rate">6.5</span>
                            </li>
                                <li class="ticket_btn"><span><a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_b_tc'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/ticket/redirect/?movie_id=35377026" target="_blank">选座购票</a></span></li>
                        </ul>
                        
                        
                    <li class="ui-slide-item"  data-title="安魂" data-release="2022" data-rate="" data-star="00" data-trailer="https://movie.douban.com/subject/34808495/trailer" data-ticket="https://movie.douban.com/ticket/redirect/?movie_id=34808495" data-duration="107分钟" data-region="中国大陆" data-director="日向寺太郎" data-actors="巍子 / 陈瑾 / 强宇" data-intro="" data-enough="false" data-rater="176">
                        <ul class="">
                            <li class="poster">
                                <a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_a_pst'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/34808495/?from=showing">
                                    <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2851606190.webp" alt="安魂" rel="nofollow" class="" />
                                </a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="title">
                                <a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_a_tl'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/34808495/?from=showing" class="">安魂</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="rating">
                                    

                                        <span class="text-tip">暂无评分</span>
                            </li>
                                <li class="ticket_btn"><span><a onclick="moreurl(this, {from:'mv_b_tc'})" href="https://movie.douban.com/ticket/redirect/?movie_id=34808495" target="_blank">选座购票</a></span></li>
                        </ul>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>

爬取data-title

obj=re.compile(r'data-title="(?P<data_title>.*?)"',re.S)
res=obj.finditer(str)
for it in res:
    print(it.group("data_title"))

结果：
神奇动物：邓布利多之谜 Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore
新蝙蝠侠 The Batman
月球陨落 Moonfall
密室逃生2 Escape Room  2
精灵旅社4：变身大冒险 Hotel Transylvania 4: Transformania
神秘海域 Uncharted
花束般的恋爱 花束みたいな恋をした
这个杀手不太冷静
卧鼠藏虫
狙击手
诺亚方舟漂流记2 Ooops! The Adventure Continues
奇迹·笨小孩
长津湖之水门桥
熊出没·重返地球
安魂