cobbler

cobbler

  • Cobbler 是Linux服务器安装的服务,通过网络启动的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP、DNS 等
  • Cobbler 可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工
  • (cobbler_web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次元开发使用

cobbler服务端的部署

  • 配置yum 源
[root@cobbler ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# curl -o CentOS7-Base-163.repo  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@xiefei ~]# yum -y install epel-release
  • 安装cobbler 以及相关的软件
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# yum search httpd
  • 关闭防火墙、关闭selinux,并重启
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# setenforce 0
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]#  sed -ri 's/(^SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g'  /etc/selinux/config
[root@cobbler yum.repos.d]# reboot
  • 启动服务并设置开机自启动
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd.service 
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd.service
  • 修改Server的IP地址为本机的IP
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.100.169/' /etc/cobbler/settings
  • 设置tftp的ip地址为本机的ip地址
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.100.169/' /etc/cobbler/settings
  • 开启tftp
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
  • 下载缺失文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2018-10-27_005929_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sat Oct 27 00:59:29 2018)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
  • 生成加密的密码
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'dsb' 
$1$4392$C30w2w.SFUitGwFTzu4D0/
  • 将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
# and put the output between the "" below.
default_password_crypted: "$1$4392$C30w2w.SFUitGwFTzu4D0/"
  • 重启cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[root@xiefei ~]# ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q Send-Q       Local Address:Port                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                      *:22                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100              127.0.0.1:25                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                127.0.0.1:25151                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                        *:873                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                     :::80                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                     :::22                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                    ::1:25                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                     :::443                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5                       :::873                                 :::*
  • 通过cobbler check核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//以上两个是关于debian系统的错误,请忽略
  • 配置cobbler dhcp
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@xiefei ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
  • 配置dhcp
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {           //修改为同网段
     option routers             192.168.100.169;                  //修改为自己的IP
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.169;          //修改为自己的IP
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.100.100 192.168.100.254;                表示能够一次装多少台同网段的主机
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
  • 重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-10-27_010818_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Oct 27 01:08:18 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

  • 检查dhcp是否正常
[root@cobbler ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           1403/dhcpd
  • 导入( CentOS7 | redhat 7 )镜像
[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@cobbler ~]#  cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2018-10-27_020453_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Oct 27 02:04:53 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 for rhel-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

说明:
–path //镜像路径
–name //为安装定义一个名字
–arch //指定安装源平台
安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义,本例导入成功后,安装源的唯一标示就是CentOS-7-x86_64,如果重复,系统会提示失败

  • 查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@cobbler ~]#  cobbler list
distros:
   rhel-7-x86_64

profiles:
   rhel-7-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

创建kickstarts自动安装脚本

[root@cobbler ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000                  
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.100.169/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
$SNIPPET('network_config')
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$hOedBPORWfg8XLK8$AjZTzNtw4r/n9QSU4rhn3tbcqJG5fEMf8Q/WkPvfD8jLEBhsKdp/9h8djeyOsmo0I2AwPU57moEFk5kb1zULV1
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF

注意:这里的rootpw –iscrypted 我用的是以下的密码,可以在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks 这个配置文件里面修改,如果系统不一样这里的url这一行也需要修改,并且IP改为自己服务器的IP

  • 检查ks文件的语法是否有误
[root@cobbler ~]#  cobbler validateks
task started: 2018-10-27_024118_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Sat Oct 27 02:41:18 2018)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.100.169/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.100.169/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 查看当前cobbler 有哪些配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile list
   rhel-7-x86_64
  • 修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
  • 配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
  • 检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : rhel-7-x86_64                      //仓库名字
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'ifnames': '0', 'net.': '~', 'biosdevname': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks              //使用的kickstarts配置文件的路径,必须为我们新建的ks文件的路径
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

  • 同步cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-10-27_033307_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Oct 27 03:33:07 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 重启所有服务
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q Send-Q       Local Address:Port                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                      *:22                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100              127.0.0.1:25                                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                127.0.0.1:25151                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                        *:873                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                     :::80                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                     :::22                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                    ::1:25                                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                     :::443                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5                       :::873                                 :::*
  • 客户端安装
    在这里插入图片描述
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