Cobbler

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-31 21:17:55 发布

彭宇栋

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-31 21:17:55 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： linux cobbler

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_49530779/article/details/120758773

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cobbler

1. cobbler简介
2. cobbler服务端部署
3. 安装客户端
4. 定制安装

1. cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

cobbler官网地址：http://cobbler.github.io/

cobbler集成的服务

PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件	作用
/etc/cobbler/settings	cobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/	iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/	pxe pxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf	web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template	dhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template	dns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template	tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录	作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/	用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/	默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/	存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/	导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径	说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing	客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log	cobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息

2. cobbler服务端部署

//配置yum源和epel源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release

//安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart fence-agents

//设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@localhost ~]#

//生成一个密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1
Password: 1
Verifying - Password: 1
$1$ZOnXO8PP$vopmytwt3hFRcdGWINJra1   //这是密码加密后的形式
[root@localhost ~]#

//修改配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@localhost cobbler]# vim settings 
101 default_password_crypted: "$1$ZOnXO8PP$vopmytwt3hFRcdGWINJra1"   //修改成刚刚生成的密码
242 manage_dhcp: 1   //修改为1   
278 next_server: 192.168.8.128   //修改为本机的IP
390 server: 192.168.8.128   //修改为本机的IP

//启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service 
[root@localhost cobbler]#

//修改配置文件使tftp服务生效
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/xinetd.d/
[root@localhost xinetd.d]# vim tftp 
 14         disable                 = no   //将此处的yes改为no，就是打开的意思

//通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@localhost ~]#

//解决报错
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost loaders]# ls
[root@localhost loaders]# \cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 .
[root@localhost loaders]# \cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 .
[root@localhost loaders]# ls
menu.c32  pxelinux.0
[root@localhost loaders]#

//配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@localhost cobbler]# vim dhcp.template
21 subnet 192.168.8.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {   //修改为本机的网段
22      option routers             192.168.8.128;   //修改网关为本机IP
23      option domain-name-servers 192.168.8.2;   //修改DNS
24      option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
25      range dynamic-bootp        192.168.8.200 192.168.8.254;   //指定IP范围

//重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler sync
task started: 2021-10-14_114033_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Oct 14 11:40:33 2021)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost cobbler]#

//检查dhcp是否正常
[root@localhost cobbler]# ss -anulp|grep dhcp
UNCONN     0      0            *:67                       *:*                   users:(("dhcpd",pid=12601,fd=7))
[root@localhost cobbler]#

//导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
 mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  1.5G   49G    3% /
devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    1.9G   12M  1.9G    1% /run
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  142M  873M   14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home  146G   33M  146G    1% /home
tmpfs                    378M     0  378M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                 4.2G  4.2G     0  100% /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=centos-7 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2021-10-13_193345_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Oct 13 19:33:45 2021)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: centos-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos-7-x86_64
creating new profile: centos-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64 for centos-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64   //导入镜像的位置
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
[root@localhost ks_mirror]# ls
centos-7-x86_64  config
[root@localhost ks_mirror]# ls centos-7-x86_64/
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL
[root@localhost ks_mirror]# 

//说明:
    --path      //镜像路径
    --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
    --arch      //指定安装源平台

//安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败

//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   centos-7-x86_64

profiles:
   centos-7-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:
[root@localhost ~]#

//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@localhost kickstarts]# vim centos-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cat centos-7-x86_64.ks 
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.8.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $6$CErC.r5xMYrIKY0p$QIx7RrYXVkBJ4F/esXBrPWAFhMhfVTNyz/sWbM51uBMdrtmbmvw7sx.uHbmQ8nJMW5lmaeDs6pUQbd2wE04iK/

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

[root@localhost kickstarts]# 

//检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2021-10-13_195826_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Wed Oct 13 19:58:26 2021)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.8.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.8.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost kickstarts]#

//查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile list
   centos-7-x86_64
[root@localhost kickstarts]# 

//修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name centos-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost kickstarts]# 

//配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name centos-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : centos-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos-7-x86_64   //仓库名字
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}   //网卡设为传统命名方式
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-7-x86_64.ks   //使用的kickstarts配置文件的路径，必须为我们新建的ks文件的路径
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

[root@localhost ~]#

//同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2021-10-14_115204_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Oct 14 11:52:04 2021)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/centos-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: centos-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: centos-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for centos-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: centos-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]#

//为避免发生未知问题，先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q    Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      5             127.0.0.1:25151                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                     *:873                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                   *:22                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100           127.0.0.1:25                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                    :::873                              :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                  :::80                               :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                  :::22                               :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                 ::1:25                               :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                  :::443                              :::*                  
[root@localhost ~]#

3. 安装客户端

新建虚拟机从pxe启动，若出现以下界面则表示成功：
在这里插入图片描述

4. 定制安装

定制安装步骤：

统计服务器mac地址
配置cobbler
安装

统计mac地址此处就不赘述了，直接最重要的配置
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置：
在这里插入图片描述

用户名：cobbler
密码：cobbler

在这里插入图片描述

同步配置并重启相关服务：

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd

最后开机自动会安装系统
在这里插入图片描述

彭宇栋

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Cobbler

cobbler1. cobbler简介2. cobbler服务端部署1. cobbler简介Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。Cobbler内置
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