字典是集合类型的延续,是一个键值对的集合,各个元素没有顺序之分。字典长度是可变的。
- 直接使用大括号{}可以创建一个空的字典,并且通过中括号[]向其增加元素。
- 可以通过for-in语句对其元素进行遍历。for循环返回的变量名是字典的索引值。
基本语法结构如下:
for <变量名> in <字典名>:
<语句块>
函数和方法
- d.clear()删除所有的键值对
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> d.clear()
>>> print(d)
{}
- d.copy()浅拷贝字典
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> d.copy()
{'one': 'python', 'two': 'java', 'three': 'c'}
- d.get(key,default)键存在则返回相应值,否则返回默认值
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> d.get("two")
'java'
>>> d.get("four","c++")
'c++
- d.pop(key,default)键存在则返回相应值,同时删除键值对,否则返回默认值
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> d.pop("three")
'c'
>>> print(d)
{'one': 'python', 'two': 'java'}
>>> d.pop("four","c++")
'c++'
- d.keys()返回所有的键信息
- d.values()返回所有的值信息
- d.items()返回所有的键值对
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> d.keys()
dict_keys(['one', 'two', 'three'])
>>> d.values()
dict_values(['python', 'java', 'c'])
>>> d.items()
dict_items([('one', 'python'), ('two', 'java'), ('three', 'c')])
- d.popitem()随机从字典里取出一个键值对,以元组(key,value)的形式返回
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> d.popitem()
('three', 'c')
>>> d.popitem()
('two', 'java')
- del d[key]删除字典中某一个键值对
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> del d["one"]
>>> print(d)
{'two': 'java', 'three': 'c'}
- key in d如果键在字典中返回True,否则返回False
>>> d = {"one":"python","two":"java","three":"c"}
>>> "three" in d
True