python中字符串内置函数作用及用法

capitalize（） 首字母大写
a=’someword’
b=a.capitalize()
print(b)
—>Someword

casefold()&lower() 所有字母变小写，casefold可将未知字符便小写
a=’someWORD’
b=a.casefold()
print(b)
c=a.lower()
print(c)
—>someword
—>someword

center(width,fillchar=None) 设置宽度，并将内容居中，空白未知填充，一个字符
a=’someword’
b=a.center(30,’*’)
print(b)

count(sub,start=None,end=None) 去字符串中寻找，寻找子序列的出现次数，可指定起止点
a=’somewordsomeword’
b=a.count(‘or’)
print(b)
—>2

startswith(suffix,start=None,end=None)&endswith(suffix,start=None,end=None) 是否以XX开始/结束，可指定起止点
a=’somewordsomeword’
b=a.startswith(‘sa’)
c=a.endswith(‘ord’)
print(b)
print(c)
—>False
—>True

find(sub,start=None,end=None) 寻找指定字符或字符串，并返回第一个位置，找不到返回-1，可指定起止点
a=’somewordsomeword’
b=a.find(‘me’)
print(b)
—>2
format() 格式化，将一个字符串中的占位符替换为指定的值
test=’I am {name},age {a}’
v=test.format(name=’alex’,a=19)
print(v)
—>i am alex,age 19

format_map() 格式化，传入的值
test=’iam{name},age{a}’
v=test.format_map({“name”:’alex’,”a”:19})
print(v)
—>i am alex,age 19
isalnum() 字符串中是否只包含字母和数字
a=’asdfs123*’
b=a.isalnum()
print(b)
—>False
expandtabs(tabsize=number) 将字符串以number分割，并将tab补入
a=’asdfs123\t523fgbdf’
b=a.expandtabs(5)
print(b)
—>asdfs123 523fgbdf
isalpha() 字符串中是只包含字母
a=’asdfsfgbdf’
b=a.isalpha()
print(b)
—>True
isdecimal()&isdigit()&isnumeric() 字符串中是只包含数字，isdigit更为强大，isnumeric还可识别中文
a=’132132②二’
b=a.isdecimal()
c=a.isdigit()
d=a.isnumeric()
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
—>False
—>False
—>True
isprintable() 是否存在不可显示的字符如换行符
a=’sdfgdfg\t’
b=a.isprintable()
print(b)
—>False
isspace() 判断是否全部为空格
a=’dsvsdv’
b=a.isspace()
print(b)
—>False
istitle()&title() 判断是否为标题，即首字母大写&变为标题
a=’follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones’
b=a.istitle()
print(b)
c=a.title()
print(c)
—>False
—>Follow Uncased Characters And Lowercase Characters Only Cased Ones

join(iterable) 将字符串中的每个元素按照指定分隔符进行拼接
a=’一二三四五六七’
print(a)
b=’*’
c=b.join(a)
print(c)
—>一二三四五六七
—>一二三四五六七
ljust(width,fillchar=None)&rjust(width,fillchar=None) 向右/左填充字符
a=’hello’
b=a.ljust(20,’*’)
c=a.rjust(20,’*’)
print(b)
print(c)
—>hello***************
—>***************hello
islower()&lower() 判断是是否为全小写&变为全部小写
a=’Hello’
b=a.islower()
c=a.lower()
print(b,c)
—>False hello
isupper()&c=a.upper() 判断是是否为全大写&变为全部大写
a=’Hello’
b=a.isupper()
c=a.upper()
print(b,c)
—>False HELLO
lstrip(chars=None)&rstrip(chars=None)&strip(chars=None) 去除字符串左边/右边/两边的字符串，默认空格，换行等
a=’Hello’
b=a.lstrip()
c=a.rstrip()
d=a.strip()
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
—>Hello
—> Hello
—>Hello
maketrans(*args,**kwargs)&translate(table) 按maketrans对应关系将translate中的字符串进行替换
a=’asdgfrfbcvzxrentas’
b=str.maketrans(‘xdsa’,’1234’)
c=a.translate(b)
print(c)
—> 432gfrfbcvz1rent43
partition(sep)&rpartition(sep) 将字符串按指定字符分割成3段/或从右开始
a=’helwloasvxcwaewc’
b=a.partition(‘w’)
c=a.rpartition(‘w’)
print(b)
print(c)
—>(‘hel’, ‘w’, ‘loasvxcwaewc’)
—>(‘helwloasvxcwae’, ‘w’, ‘c’)
split(sep=None,maxsplit=-1)&rsplit(sep=None,maxsplit=-1) 将字符串按指定字符串分割，分割后不保留
a=’helwloasvxcwaewc’
b=a.split(‘w’,2)
c=a.rsplit(‘w’)
print(b)
print(c)
—>[‘hel’, ‘loasvxc’, ‘aewc’]
—>[‘hel’, ‘loasvxc’, ‘ae’, ‘c’]
splitlines(keepends=None) 按照换行符进行分割，带true参数保留换行符
a=’helwloas\nvxcwaewc\nafgasdfs’
b=a.splitlines()
c=a.splitlines(True)
print(b)
print(c)
—>[‘helwloas’, ‘vxcwaewc’, ‘afgasdfs’]
—>[‘helwloas\n’, ‘vxcwaewc\n’, ‘afgasdfs’]
startswith(prefix,start=None,end=None)&endswith(prefix,start=None,end=None) 判断字符串是否以指定字符开始/结束，可指定起止点
a=’aefsfsfeeav’
b=a.startswith(‘ae’)
c=a.endswith(‘av’,1,9)
print(b)
print(c)
True
—>False
swapcase() 小写转变为大写
a=’aefsfsfeeav’
b=a.swapcase()
print(b)
—>AEFSFSFEEAV