Docker的镜像管理

容器，镜像和仓库的关系

• 容器是由镜像实例化出来，镜像是容器的模板，容器也可以提交成镜像
• 镜像可以从仓库拉取到本地，也可以将镜像从本地推送到仓库

Docker Hub

Docker hub是docker最大的镜像仓库，可以先在dockerhub.com注册一个账号，方便后续会用到。

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]#docker login docker.io //登陆你的docker hub账号，输入dockerhub注册的账号密码

username：
password：
登陆成功会显示以下界面
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

搜索一个镜像

镜像的结构：registry_name/repository_name/image_name:tag_name
例如：docker.io/library/alpine:3.10.1

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]#docker search alpine 

NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos                             The official build of CentOS.                   6533      [OK]       
ansible/centos7-ansible            Ansible on Centos7                              134                  [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc             Centos container with "headless" VNC session…   128                  [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh                 OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - …   118                  [OK]
centos/systemd                     systemd enabled base container.                 98                   [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7            MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   87                   
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56    centos6-lnmp-php56                              58                   [OK]
tutum/centos                       Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access      48                   
kinogmt/centos-ssh                 CentOS with SSH                                 29                   [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev        CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names…   13                   
guyton/centos6                     From official centos6 container with full up…   10                   [OK]
centos/tools                       Docker image that has systems administration…   7                    [OK]
drecom/centos-ruby                 centos ruby                                     6                    [OK]
pivotaldata/centos                 Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do…   5                    
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain   CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi…   3                    
mamohr/centos-java                 Oracle Java 8 Docker image based on Centos 7    3                    [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-mingw           Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t…   3                    
darksheer/centos                   Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly             3                    [OK]
indigo/centos-maven                Vanilla CentOS 7 with Oracle Java Developmen…   2                    [OK]
amd64/centos                       The official build of CentOS.                   2                    
blacklabelops/centos               CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily!     1                    [OK]
pivotaldata/centos6.8-dev          CentosOS 6.8 image for GPDB development         1                    
mcnaughton/centos-base             centos base image                               1                    [OK]
smartentry/centos                  centos with smartentry                          0                    [OK]
pivotaldata/centos7-dev            CentosOS 7 image for GPDB development           0

下载镜像

通过docker pull 拉取镜像 ，默认tag为latest，也可以下载直接的tag

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker pull alpine  //默认tag

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
540db60ca938: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:69e70a79f2d41ab5d637de98c1e0b055206ba40a8145e7bddb55ccc04e13cf8f
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
docker.io/library/alpine:latest

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker pull alpine:3.10.3//指定tag
3.10.3: Pulling from library/alpine
89d9c30c1d48: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.10.3
docker.io/library/alpine:3.10.3

查看本地镜像

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine        latest    6dbb9cc54074   3 weeks ago     5.61MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago    13.3kB
alpine        3.10.3    965ea09ff2eb   18 months ago   5.55MB

给镜像打标签

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker tag 965ea09ff2eb docker.io/58440236/alpine:v3.10.3
[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine            latest    6dbb9cc54074   3 weeks ago     5.61MB
hello-world       latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago    13.3kB
58440236/alpine   v3.10.3   965ea09ff2eb   18 months ago   5.55MB
alpine            3.10.3    965ea09ff2eb   18 months ago   5.55MB

推送镜像

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker push docker.io/58440236/alpine:v3.10.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/58440236/alpine]
77cae8ab23bf: Mounted from library/alpine 
v3.10.3: digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a size: 528

推送完之后，我们可以在dockerhub上看到我们推送上去的镜像

删除镜像

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine            latest    6dbb9cc54074   3 weeks ago     5.61MB
hello-world       latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago    13.3kB
58440236/alpine   v3.10.3   965ea09ff2eb   18 months ago   5.55MB
alpine            3.10.3    965ea09ff2eb   18 months ago   5.55MB

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker rmi alpine //删除镜像
Untagged: alpine:latest
Untagged: alpine@sha256:69e70a79f2d41ab5d637de98c1e0b055206ba40a8145e7bddb55ccc04e13cf8f
Deleted: sha256:6dbb9cc54074106d46d4ccb330f2a40a682d49dda5f4844962b7dce9fe44aaec
Deleted: sha256:b2d5eeeaba3a22b9b8aa97261957974a6bd65274ebd43e1d81d0a7b8b752b116

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker rmi alpine -f 965ea09ff2eb//也可以通过image id 删除
Untagged: 58440236/alpine:v3.10.3
Untagged: 58440236/alpine@sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a
Untagged: alpine:3.10.3
Untagged: alpine@sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a
Deleted: sha256:965ea09ff2ebd2b9eeec88cd822ce156f6674c7e99be082c7efac3c62f3ff652
Deleted: sha256:77cae8ab23bf486355d1b3191259705374f4a11d483b24964d2f729dd8c076a0

[root@ip-10-0-0-45 ec2-user]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB