第十章：使用进程、线程和协程提供并发性-asyncio:异步I/O、事件循环和并发工具-同步原语-队列

10.5.7.4 队列
asyncio.Queue为协程提供了一个先进先出的数据结构，这与线程的queue.Queue或进程的multiprocessing.Queue很类似。

import asyncio

async def consumer(n,q):
    print('consumer {}:starting'.format(n))
    while True:
        print('consumer {}:waiting for item'.format(n))
        item = await q.get()
        print('consumer {}:has item {}'.format(n,item))
        if item is None:
            # None is the signal to stop.
            q.task_done()
            break
        else:
            await asyncio.sleep(0.01 * item)
            q.task_done()
    print('consumer {}:ending'.format(n))


async def producer(q,num_workers):
    print('producer:starting')
    # Add some numbers to the queue to simulate jobs.
    for i in range(num_workers * 3):
        await q.put(i)
        print('producer:added task {} to the queue'.format(i))
    # Add None entries in the queue
    # to signal consumers to exit.
    print('producer:adding stop signals to the queue')
    for i in range(num_workers):
        await q.put(None)
    print('producer:waiting for queue to empty')
    await q.join()
    print('producer:ending')


async def main(loop,num_consumers):
    # Create the queue with a fixed size so the producer
    # will block until the consumers pull some items out.
    q = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=num_consumers)

    # Schedule the consumer tasks.
    consumers = [
        loop.create_task(consumer(i,q))
        for i in range(num_consumers)
        ]

    # Schedule the producer task.
    prod = loop.create_task(producer(q,num_consumers))

    # Wait for all of the coroutines to finish.
    await asyncio.wait(consumers + [prod])

event_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
try:
    event_loop.run_until_complete(main(event_loop,2))
finally:
    event_loop.close()

用put()增加元素和用get()删除元素都是异步操作，因为队列大小可能是固定的(阻塞增加操作)，或者队列可能为空(自身获取元素的调用)。
运行结果：