第十二章：email-smtplib:简单邮件传输协议客户-认证加密

13.1.2 认证加密
SMTP类还会处理认证和传输层安全(Transport Layer Sercurity,TLS)加密(如果服务器提供了支持)。要确定服务器是否支持TLS，可以直接调用ehlo()为服务器标识客户，询问可以得到哪些扩展。然后调用has_extn()来检查结果。启动TLS之后，在认证用户之前必须再次调用ehlo()。很多邮件托管提供商现在只支持基于TLS的连接。要与这些服务器通信，可以使用SMTP_SSL来启动一个加密连接。

import smtplib
import email.utils
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import getpass

# Prompt the user for connection info.
to_email = input('Recipient: ')
servername = input('Mail server name: ')
serverport = input('Server prot: ')
if serverport:
    serverport = int(serverport)
else:
    serverport = 25
use_tls = input('Use TLS? (yes/no): ').lower()
username = input('Mail username: ')
password = getpass.getpass("%s's password: " % username)

# Create the message.
msg = MIMEText('Test message from PyMOTW.')
msg.set_unixfrom('author')
msg['To'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Recipient',to_email))
msg['From'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Author','邮箱'))
msg['Subject'] = 'Test from PyMOTW'

if use_tls == 'yes':
    print('starting with a secure connection')
    server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(servername,serverport)
else:
    print('starting with a insecure connection')
    server = smtplib.SMTP(servername,serverport)
try:
    server.set_debuglevel(True)

    # Identify ourselves, prompting server for supported features.
    server.ehlo()

    # If we can encrypt this session, do it.
    if server.has_extn('STARTTLS'):
        print('(starting TLS)')
        server.starttls()
        server.ehlo()   # Reidentify ourselves over TLS connection.
    else:
        print('(no STARTTLS)')

    if server.has_extn('AUTH'):
        print('(logging in)')
        server.login(username,password)
    else:
        print('(no AUTH)')

    server.sendmail('发件人',
                    [to_email],
                    msg.as_string())
finally:
    server.quit()

启用TLS之后，STARTTLS扩展不会出现在对EHLO的应答中。