〇、前情提要
在看b站视频 - 尚硅谷Web前端Ajax教程初学者零基础入门到精通全套完整版(ajax2020最新版),中插了这个知识记录一下。
参考:
-
我的笔记:
【javaweb】b站-尚硅谷Web前端Ajax教程初学者零基础入门到精通全套完整版(ajax2020最新版) 笔记
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43210113/article/details/110628389 -
b站视频 - 尚硅谷Web前端Ajax教程初学者零基础入门到精通全套完整版(ajax2020最新版)
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1WC4y1b78y?p=2 -
笔记视频链接
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Wnwb42-AaqAlg6cQ0PRHwg
提取码:3waj -
BootCDN
https://www.bootcdn.cn -
github - Axios
https://github.com/axios/axios -
bootsCDN - axios
https://www.bootcdn.cn/axios/
———————————————————————————— -
我的笔记:
【ajax】8.jQuery:jQuery发送AJAX请求+jQuery通用方法发送AJAX请求
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43210113/article/details/110821496
一、Axios发送AJAX请求
如没有安装过NodeJS和expressjs请看↓
我的笔记:
【ajax】NodeJS的安装与介绍+express框架介绍与基本使用
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43210113/article/details/110636188
如没有安装过nodemon请看
我的笔记:
【ajax】5.JSON:服务端响应JSON数据+nodemon自动重启工具安装+Missing write access to /usr/local/lib/node_modules解决方法
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43210113/article/details/110792442
Axios介绍
Axios是ajax最热门的工具库
参考:
github - Axios
https://github.com/axios/axios
特性:
- Make XMLHttpRequests from the browser
- Make http requests from node.js
- Supports the Promise API
- Intercept request and response
- Transform request and response data
- Cancel requests
- Automatic transforms for JSON data
- Client side support for protecting against XSRF
安装
终端
npm install axios
引用
官网:
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
但外网可能有点慢,使用bootsCDN
参考:
bootsCDN - axios
https://www.bootcdn.cn/axios/
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.21.0/axios.js"></script>
记得加crossorigin="anonymous"
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.21.0/axios.js"></script>
1.get
axios.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>axios 发送 AJAX请求</title>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.21.0/axios.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<button>GET</button>
<button>POST</button>
<button>AJAX</button>
<script>
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
btns[0].onclick = function () {
//GET 请求
axios.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/axios-server', {
//url 参数
params: {
id: 100,
vip: 7
},
//请求头信息
headers: {
name: 'atguigu',
age: 20
}
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
get请求,无法对请求体参数做设置
axios语法
参考:
github - Axios
https://github.com/axios/axios
以baseURL
为例
参考:
//baseURL
will be prepended tourl
unlessurl
is absolute.
// It can be convenient to setbaseURL
for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
// to methods of that instance.
baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
<script>
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
//配置 baseURL
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000';
btns[0].onclick = function () {
//GET 请求
axios.get('/axios-server', {
};
}
</script>
获取参数
btns[0].onclick = function () {
//GET 请求
axios.get('/axios-server', {
}).then(value => {
console.log(value);
});
}
2.post
axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
将data:{}
直接放在第二个参数中
btns[1].onclick = function () {
axios.post('/axios-server', {
username: 'admin',
password: 'admin'
}, {
//url
params: {
id: 200,
vip: 9
},
//请求头参数
headers: {
height: 180,
weight: 180,
}
});
}
axios.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>axios 发送 AJAX请求</title>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.21.0/axios.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<button>GET</button>
<button>POST</button>
<button>AJAX</button>
<script>
// https://github.com/axios/axios
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
//配置 baseURL
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000';
btns[0].onclick = function () {
//GET 请求
axios.get('/axios-server', {
//url 参数
params: {
id: 100,
vip: 7
},
//请求头信息
headers: {
name: 'atguigu',
age: 20
}
}).then(value => {
console.log(value);
});
}
btns[1].onclick = function () {
axios.post('/axios-server', {
username: 'admin',
password: 'admin'
}, {
//url
params: {
id: 200,
vip: 9
},
//请求头参数
headers: {
height: 180,
weight: 180,
}
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
server.js
//1. 引入express
const express = require('express');
//2. 创建应用对象
const app = express();
//3. 创建路由规则
//axios 服务
app.all('/axios-server', (request, response) => {
//设置响应头 设置允许跨域
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
// response.send('Hello jQuery AJAX');
const data = {name:'尚硅谷'};
response.send(JSON.stringify(data));
});
//4. 监听端口启动服务
app.listen(8000, () => {
console.log("服务已经启动, 8000 端口监听中....");
});
二、Axios函数发送AJAX请求
3.ajax
btns[2].onclick = function(){
axios({
//请求方法
method : 'POST',
//url
url: '/axios-server',
//url参数
params: {
vip:10,
level:30
},
//头信息
headers: {
a:100,
b:200
},
//请求体参数
data: {
username: 'admin',
password: 'admin'
}
}).then(response=>{
//响应状态码
console.log(response.status);
//响应状态字符串
console.log(response.statusText);
//响应头信息
console.log(response.headers);
//响应体
console.log(response.data);
})
}
axios.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>axios 发送 AJAX请求</title>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.21.0/axios.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<button>GET</button>
<button>POST</button>
<button>AJAX</button>
<script>
// https://github.com/axios/axios
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
//配置 baseURL
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000';
btns[0].onclick = function () {
//GET 请求
axios.get('/axios-server', {
//url 参数
params: {
id: 100,
vip: 7
},
//请求头信息
headers: {
name: 'atguigu',
age: 20
}
}).then(value => {
console.log(value);
});
}
btns[1].onclick = function () {
axios.post('/axios-server', {
username: 'admin',
password: 'admin'
}, {
//url
params: {
id: 200,
vip: 9
},
//请求头参数
headers: {
height: 180,
weight: 180,
}
});
}
btns[2].onclick = function(){
axios({
//请求方法
method : 'POST',
//url
url: '/axios-server',
//url参数
params: {
vip:10,
level:30
},
//头信息
headers: {
a:100,
b:200
},
//请求体参数
data: {
username: 'admin',
password: 'admin'
}
}).then(response=>{
//响应状态码
console.log(response.status);
//响应状态字符串
console.log(response.statusText);
//响应头信息
console.log(response.headers);
//响应体
console.log(response.data);
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
server.js
//1. 引入express
const express = require('express');
//2. 创建应用对象
const app = express();
//3. 创建路由规则
//axios 服务
app.all('/axios-server', (request, response) => {
//设置响应头 设置允许跨域
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
// response.send('Hello jQuery AJAX');
const data = {name:'尚硅谷'};
response.send(JSON.stringify(data));
});
//4. 监听端口启动服务
app.listen(8000, () => {
console.log("服务已经启动, 8000 端口监听中....");
});