16进制字节串口通信C#

16进制字节串口通信

1. 字节转换

字节格式:低字节在前，即小端模式，如0x0102，在传输中的字节顺序为：0x02、0x01。

传进来16进制string类型字节流如01 02 03 E5 D1 03 00 0E 00 00 01 00 00 00。

• 16进制字符串转int

  还有Convert.ToInt32(str)有数字上限，包括Convert.ToInt64(str)也都不如Int64.Parse大。
  如过超出界限，很容易出现0x3F，这是界限最大值。

  int a=Int64.Parse(cardid5, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);
  string cardid2=cardid.ToString();
  

• 16进制字节转string

  BitConverter.ToString(byteArray)会自动用“-”将字符串隔开所以要进一步去“-”。

  string a = BitConverter.ToString(byteArray).Replace("-", "");
  

• string转16进制字节数组

  byte[] Data = new byte[tx.Length / 2];
  for (int i = 0; i < tx.Length / 2; i++)
  {Data[i] = Convert.ToByte(tx.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16;}
  

• int转16进制字符串

  x小写即为小写的16进制，X大写即位大写的16进制。

  string a=aint.ToString("x");
  

  当x后面跟数字是，即表示需要得到几位的16进制字符串，不足则补零。

  string a=aint.ToString("X4");
  

2.字符串处理

传进来16进制string类型数据如02 0A 00 E6 D1 03 00 02 00 04 01 00 00 03。

String tx = needmsg.Replace(" ", "");//发送字节流时，首先先要去空格，再转为字节流发送
string a = BitConverter.ToString(byteArray).Replace("-", "");//接受字节流时，转换string再去“-”，然后substring进行数据取值

获取到的余额是没有小数点的，当需要保存两位小数时

int n=100;
float result=((float)n)/100;
string s=result.ToString("##0.00");

下面这个System.Math.Round是实现Banker’s rounding（银行家算法），即：四舍六入五取偶。

经过改变Math.Round((decimal)n, 2, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)可实现中国式四舍五入

double n = 1531.525;
double s= System.Math.Round(n, 2);//输出s为1531.52
decimal ss=Math.Round((decimal)n, 2, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);//输出ss为1531.53

System.Math.Round的银行家算法取偶体现

double n = 1531.535;
double s= System.Math.Round(n, 2);//s为1531.54
decimal ss=Math.Round((decimal)n, 2, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);//s为1531.54

3.串口通信

打开串口

private static SerialPort mySerialPort = null;
public int OpenPort()
       {
           try
           {
               if (mySerialPort != null && mySerialPort.IsOpen)
               {
                   logger.Info("USB 虚拟串口处于打开状态 ... ... ");
               }
               else
               {
                   mySerialPort = new SerialPort(port_num);
                   mySerialPort.BaudRate = int.Parse("115200");
                   mySerialPort.Parity = Parity.None;
                   mySerialPort.StopBits = StopBits.One;
                   mySerialPort.DataBits = int.Parse("8");
                   mySerialPort.Handshake = Handshake.None;
                   mySerialPort.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(DataReceivedHandler);//自动接收
                   mySerialPort.Open();
                   logger.Info("打开 USB 虚拟串口成功！");
                   return 0;
               }
           }
           catch (Exception ex)
           {
               logger.Info("打开 USB 虚拟串口异常 ... ... ");
               logger.Info(ex.Message);
               logger.Info(ex.StackTrace);
           }
           return -1;
       }

mySerialPort.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(DataReceivedHandler);//订阅委托自动接收
//订阅委托之后，我们就可以处理接收数据的事件了。

• 串口发送

  写入即发送

  byte[] Data = new byte[tx.Length / 2];
  Data = func.Gotobyte(tx);//将tx转换为16进制字节
  mySerialPort.Write(Data, 0, Data.Length);
  

• 串口接受

  DataReceivedHandler有多种读数据法。

  mySerialPort.ReadExisting();//传输的位字符串方式，若是以此读字节流，会造成一次接收不完，且数据处理完才有第二次接收，不推荐接受字节流。

  mySerialPort.DiscardInBuffer();// 丢弃来自串行驱动程序的接收缓冲区的数据；一般发送前用次。

  mySerialPort.DiscardOutBuffer();//丢弃来自串行驱动程序的传输缓冲区的数据；一般接受后用次。

  Thread.Sleep(300);//防止接收到一半。

  sp.BytesToRead;//字节长度

  sp.Read(byteArray, 0, count);//读字节

   private static void DataReceivedHandler(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
          {
              Thread.Sleep(300);
              SerialPort sp = (SerialPort)sender;
              sp.DiscardOutBuffer();
              int count = sp.BytesToRead;
              byte[] byteArray = new byte[count];
              sp.Read(byteArray, 0, count);
              string a = BitConverter.ToString(byteArray).Replace("-", "");
  

4.CRC16查表法的校验

校验 crc16校验

• crc16校验

这是查表法的校验

private static ushort[] crctab = new ushort[256]{
0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50a5, 0x60c6, 0x70e7,                      0x8108, 0x9129, 0xa14a, 0xb16b, 0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef,                      0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273, 0x2252, 0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6,                      0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a, 0xd3bd, 0xc39c, 0xf3ff, 0xe3de,                      0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401, 0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485,                      0xa56a, 0xb54b, 0x8528, 0x9509, 0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d,                      0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76d7, 0x66f6, 0x5695, 0x46b4,                      0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738, 0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc,                      0x48c4, 0x58e5, 0x6886, 0x78a7, 0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823,                      0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af, 0x8948, 0x9969, 0xa90a, 0xb92b,                      0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96, 0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12,                      0xdbfd, 0xcbdc, 0xfbbf, 0xeb9e, 0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a,                      0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5, 0x2c22, 0x3c03, 0x0c60, 0x1c41,                      0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd, 0xad2a, 0xbd0b, 0x8d68, 0x9d49,                      0x7e97, 0x6eb6, 0x5ed5, 0x4ef4, 0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70,                      0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc, 0xbf1b, 0xaf3a, 0x9f59, 0x8f78,
                      0x9188, 0x81a9, 0xb1ca, 0xa1eb, 0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f,                      0x1080, 0x00a1, 0x30c2, 0x20e3, 0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067,                      0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da, 0xc33d, 0xd31c, 0xe37f, 0xf35e,                      0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2, 0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256,                      0xb5ea, 0xa5cb, 0x95a8, 0x8589, 0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d,                      0x34e2, 0x24c3, 0x14a0, 0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405,                      0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8, 0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c,                      0x26d3, 0x36f2, 0x0691, 0x16b0, 0x6657, 0x7676, 0x4615, 0x5634,                      0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f, 0x99c8, 0x89e9, 0xb98a, 0xa9ab,                      0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827, 0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3,                      0xcb7d, 0xdb5c, 0xeb3f, 0xfb1e, 0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a,                      0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16, 0x0af1, 0x1ad0, 0x2ab3, 0x3a92,                      0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d, 0xbdaa, 0xad8b, 0x9de8, 0x8dc9,                      0x7c26, 0x6c07, 0x5c64, 0x4c45, 0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1,                      0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c, 0xaf9b, 0xbfba, 0x8fd9, 0x9ff8,                      0x6e17, 0x7e36, 0x4e55, 0x5e74, 0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0
                  };

static ushort crc16_ccitt(byte[] bytes)
        {
            ushort crc = 0;
            for (var i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
            {
                crc = (ushort)((crc << 8) ^ crctab[((crc >> 8) ^ bytes[i]) & 0x00FF]);
            }
            return crc;
        }
public static byte[] Gotobyte(string needmsg)//转成byte
        {
            String tx = needmsg.Replace(" ", "");
            byte[] Data = new byte[tx.Length / 2];
            for (int i = 0; i < tx.Length / 2; i++)
            {
                Data[i] = Convert.ToByte(tx.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16);
            }
            return Data;
        }
string e = "03 00 02 00 0B 01";
byte[] b = func.Gotobyte(e);
int d = crc16_ccitt(b);

PS：

所有16进制字符串长度默认为双数。
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