HBase Shell常用命令

  1. 查看HBase状态

    hbase(main):001:0> status
    1 active master, 0 backup masters, 2 servers, 0 dead, 33.0000 average load
    
  2. 查看HBase版本

    hbase(main):002:0> version
    1.2.0-cdh5.12.1, rUnknown, Thu Aug 24 09:45:34 PDT 2017
    
  3. 查看当前用户

    hbase(main):003:0> whoami
    root (auth:SIMPLE)
    	groups: root, supergroup
    
  4. 查看对某张表进行操作的基本命令

    hbase(main):004:0> table_help
    ...
    
  5. 查看所有表

    hbase(main):005:0> list
    TABLE                                                                                                                                                                                        
    HBASE_TEST1                                                                                                                                                                                   
    HBASE_TEST2                                                                                                                                                                                  
    29 row(s) in 0.0570 seconds
    
    => ["HBASE_TEST1", "HBASE_TEST2"]
    
  6. 创建表

    语法:

    create <table> , { NAME => <family> , VERSIONS => <VERSIONS> , ...}, { NAME => <family> , VERSIONS => <VERSIONS> , ...}
    
    hbase(main):008:0> create 'test', 'cf'
    0 row(s) in 1.2240 seconds
    
    => Hbase::Table - test
    
  7. 判断表是否存在

    语法:

    list <table>
    
    hbase(main):009:0> list 'test'
    TABLE                                                                                                                                                                                        
    test                                                                                                                                                                                         
    1 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds
    
    => ["test"]
    

    语法:

    exists <table> 
    
    hbase(main):015:0> exists 'test'
    Table test does exist                                                                                                                                                                        
    0 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds
    
    hbase(main):016:0> exists 'test1'
    Table test1 does not exist                                                                                                                                                                   
    0 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds
    
  8. 查看表结构

    语法:

    describe <table> 
    
    hbase(main):010:0> describe 'test'
    #或
    hbase(main):010:0> desc 'test'
    Table test is ENABLED                                                                                                                                                                        
    test                                                                                                                                                                                         
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                                                  
    {NAME => 'cf', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIO
    NS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                             
    1 row(s) in 0.1100 seconds
    

    其中的属性的意义:

    属性说明
    NAME列族名
    VERSIONS最大版本号
    MIN_VERSIONS最小版本号
    TTL(Time To Live)存活时间
    IN_MEMORY是否开启缓存,默认false,应该开启,否则与BLOCKCACHE冲突
    BLOCKCACHE读缓存是否开启,默认开启,64M
  9. 添加数据

    语法:

    put <table>, <rowkey>, <family:column>, <value>, <timestamp>
    

    timestamp 系统默认

    hbase(main):017:0> put 'test', 'row1', 'cf:a', 'value1'
    0 row(s) in 0.4670 seconds
    
    hbase(main):018:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf:b', 'value2'
    0 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds
    
    hbase(main):019:0>  put 'test', 'row3', 'cf:c', 'value3'
    0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds
    
  10. 全表扫描

    语法:

    scan <table> , {COLUMNS => [<family:column>,...], LIMIT => num}
    

    扫描全表

    hbase(main):020:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                              COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                 
     row1                                            column=cf:a, timestamp=1558942138361, value=value1                                                                                          
     row2                                            column=cf:b, timestamp=1558942146386, value=value2                                                                                          
     row3                                            column=cf:c, timestamp=1558942153915, value=value3                                                                                          
    3 row(s) in 0.0690 seconds
    

    扫描指定列族

    hbase(main):021:0> scan 'test' ,{COLUMNS => 'cf'}
    ROW                                              COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                 
     row1                                            column=cf:a, timestamp=1558942138361, value=value1                                                                                          
     row2                                            column=cf:b, timestamp=1558942146386, value=value2                                                                                          
     row3                                            column=cf:c, timestamp=1558942153915, value=value3                                                                                          
    3 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds
    

    设置开启Raw模式,开启Raw模式会把那些已添加删除标记但是未实际删除的数据也显示出来

    scan 'test', {COLUMNS => 'cf', RAW => true}
    

    查询test表中列族为info和data的信息
    scan ‘test’, {COLUMNS => [‘cf’, ‘a’]}
    查询test表中列族为cf,列名为a的信息

    hbase(main):039:0> scan 'test', {COLUMNS => ['cf:a']}
    ROW                                              COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                 
     row1                                            column=cf:a, timestamp=1558942138361, value=value1                                                                                          
    1 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds
    ```shell
    查询user表中列族为info,列名为name的信息,并且版本最新的5个
    ```shell
    scan 'user', {COLUMNS => 'info:name', VERSIONS => 5}
    

    查询user表中列族为info和data且列名含有a字符的信息

    scan 'user', {COLUMNS => ['info', 'data'], FILTER => "(QualifierFilter(=,'substring:a'))"}
    

    查询user表中列族为info,rk范围是[rk0001, rk0003)的数据

    scan 'people', {COLUMNS => 'info', STARTROW => 'rk0001', ENDROW => 'rk0003'}
    

    查询user表中row key以rk字符开头的

    scan 'user',{FILTER=>"PrefixFilter('rk')"}
    

    查询user表中指定时间范围的数据

    scan 'user', {TIMERANGE => [1392368783980, 1392380169184]}
    

    查询满足条件的前5条数据

    hbase(main):024:0> scan 'test' ,{LIMIT => 5}
    ROW                                              COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                 
     row1                                            column=cf:a, timestamp=1558942138361, value=value1                                                                                          
    1 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds
    

    scan的用法很多,参数,过滤条件可以各种组合。参考help 'scan'

  11. 查询某行记录

    语法:

    get <table>, <rowkey>, { <family:column>...}
    
    hbase(main):041:0> get 'test', 'row1'
    COLUMN                                           CELL                                                                                                                                        
     cf:a                                            timestamp=1558942138361, value=value1                                                                                                       
    1 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds
    
  12. 查询表数据的行数

    语法:

    count <table>, {INTERVAL => intervalNum ,CACHE => cacheNum}
    

    INTERVAL 设置多少行显示一次及对应的rowkey,默认1000。
    CACHE 每次去取的缓存区大小,默认10,调整该参数可提高查询速度。

    hbase(main):001:0> count 'MY_SCHEMA:PERSONAS', {INTERVAL => 100 ,CACHE => 500}
    Current count: 100, row: 0490ec15106068238                                                                                                                                                
    Current count: 200, row: 0920b813602752880                                                                                                                                                
    Current count: 300, row: 0db35c15900425591                                                                                                                                                
    Current count: 400, row: 124e8915900828482                                                                                                                                                
    Current count: 500, row: 16e0d113902624856                                                                                                                                                
    559 row(s) in 11.2610 seconds
    
    => 559
    
  13. 删除数据

    语法:

    delete <table>, <rowkey>, <family:column>, <timestamp> 必须指定列名。
    
    hbase(main):004:0> delete 'test','row1','cf:a' 
    0 row(s) in 0.0880 seconds
    

    注: 删除表test中row1行中cf:a列所有版本的数据

  14. 删除行

    语法:

    deleteall <table>, <rowkey>, <family:column>, <timestamp> 
    可以不指定列名,删除整行数据。
    
    hbase(main):003:0> deleteall 'test','row2'
    0 row(s) in 0.0310 seconds
    
  15. 删除表中的所有数据

    语法:

    truncate <table>
    

    具体过程是: disable table -> drop table -> create table

    hbase(main):005:0> truncate 'test'
    Truncating 'test' table (it may take a while):
     - Disabling table...
     - Truncating table...
    0 row(s) in 3.6110 seconds
    
  16. 修改数据
    语法:

    put  table>, <rowkey>, <family:column>, <value>, <timestamp> 
    可以不指定列名,删除整行数据。
    
    hbase(main):001:0> put 'test','rowkey001','cf:a','value1'
    0 row(s) in 0.2410 seconds
    
    hbase(main):002:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                              COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                 
     rowkey001                                       column=cf:a, timestamp=1558945565238, value=value1                                                                                          
    1 row(s) in 0.0550 seconds
    
    hbase(main):003:0> put 'test','rowkey001','cf:a','value2'
    0 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds
    
    hbase(main):004:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                              COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                 
     rowkey001                                       column=cf:a, timestamp=1558945576947, value=value2                                                                                          
    1 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds
    
  17. 删除表

    语法:

    drop <table>
    

    注意: 在删除表前,需要先禁用表

    hbase(main):008:0> disable 'test'
    0 row(s) in 2.2680 seconds
    
    hbase(main):009:0>  drop 'test'
    0 row(s) in 1.2520 seconds
    
    hbase(main):011:0> exists 'test'
    Table test does not exist                                                                                                                                                                    
    0 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
    
  18. 修改表结构

    增加列族
    语法:

    alter <table>, { NAME => <family> , VERSIONS => <VERSIONS> , ...} ...
    
    hbase(main):015:0> alter 'test', 'add_family'
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    0 row(s) in 1.9340 seconds
    

    删除列族

    语法:

    alter <table>, { NAME => <family> , METHOD => 'delete'}
    

    用法:

    alter 'table_name', {NAME => 'delete_family', METHOD => 'delete'}
    

    或者

    alter 'table_name', 'delete' => 'delete_family'
    

    示例:

    hbase(main):021:0> alter 'test', {NAME => 'add_family', METHOD => 'delete'},{NAME => 'add', METHOD => 'delete'}
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    0 row(s) in 3.8020 seconds
    

    添加列族f1同时删除列族f2

    alter 'user', {NAME => 'f1'}, {NAME => 'f2', METHOD => 'delete'}
    

    修改列族

    将user表的f1列族版本号改为5

    alter 'user', NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 5
    
  19. 禁用表与启用表

    禁用表
    disable 'table_name'
    查看表是否禁用
    is_disabled 'table_name'
    启用表
    enable 'table_name'
    查看表是否启用
    is_enabled 'table_name'
    
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