链表常见题|删除链表指定结点、反转链表、输出链表倒数第K个结点、判断回文、找到链表的相交结点、判断链表是否有环、找到链表入环结点

链表常见题

不带头结点的单向链表

1.删除链表中等于给定值 val 的所有节点。

OJ链接

    public static ListNode removeElements(ListNode head, int val) {
        if (head == null) {
            return head;
        }
        if (head.next == null) {
            if (head.val == val) {
                return null;
            } else {
                return head;
            }
        }
        ListNode cur = head;
        //1.当开始若干个结点等于给定值
        while (cur.val == val) {
            cur = cur.next;
        }

        //2.当中间有结点等于给定值
        head = cur;
        ListNode prev = head;
        while (prev != null) {
            if (prev.next != null && prev.next.val == val) {
                ListNode c = prev.next;
                //存在中间连续几个结点等于给定值的情况
                while (c != null && c.val == val) {
                    c = c.next;
                }
                //删除等于给定值的结点
                prev.next = c;
            }
            prev = prev.next;
        }
        return head;
    }

2.反转一个单链表。

OJ链接

    public static ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
        SingleLinkedList linkedList = new SingleLinkedList();
        //1.空链表
        if (head == null) {
            return head;
        }
        //2.只有一个节点
        if (head.next == null) {
            return head;
        }
        //3.多节点
        ListNode prev = null;
        ListNode cur = head;
        ListNode next;
        ListNode newHead = null;
        while (cur != null) {
            next = cur.next;
            if (cur.next == null) {
                newHead = cur;
            }
            cur.next = prev;
            prev = cur;
            cur = next;

        }
        return newHead;
    }

3.给定一个带有头结点 head 的非空单链表,返回链表的中间结点。如果有两个中间结点,则返回第二个中间结点。

OJ 链接

法一:遍历链表,得到链表的长度len,指针走len/2步,即可得到中间结点

法二:快慢指针,快指针走两步,慢指针走一步,当fast走到结尾时,slow指向的结点即为中间结点

    //链表的中间节点
    public static ListNode middleNode(ListNode head) {
        ListNode slow = head;
        ListNode fast = head;
        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
        }
        return slow;
    }

4.输入一个链表,输出该链表中倒数第k个结点。

OJ链接

快慢指针,快指针先走k步,再快慢指针同时走,当块指针走到结尾时,slow指向的结点即为指定结点

	public static ListNode FindKthToTail(ListNode head,int k) {
        int len = size(head);
        //判断合法性
        if (k < 0 || k > len) {
            return null;
        }
        ListNode fast = head;
        ListNode slow = head;
        //快指针先走k步
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            fast = fast.next;
        }
        while (fast != null ) {
            fast = fast.next;
            slow = slow.next;
        }
        return slow;
    }
    
5.将两个有序链表合并为一个新的有序链表并返回。

OJ链接

    public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        ListNode cur1 = l1;
        ListNode cur2 = l2;
        //创建一个带头结点的链表
        ListNode newHead = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode newTail = newHead;
        while (cur1 != null && cur2 != null) {
            if (cur1.val < cur2.val) {
                newTail.next = new ListNode(cur1.val);
                newTail = newTail.next; //尾插
                cur1 = cur1.next;
            } else {
                newTail.next = new ListNode(cur2.val);
                newTail = newTail.next;
                cur2 = cur2.next;
            }
        }

        if (cur1 != null) {
            while (cur1 != null) {
                newTail.next = new ListNode(cur1.val);
                newTail = newTail.next;
                cur1 = cur1.next;
            }
        }

        if (cur2 != null) {
            while (cur2 != null) {
                newTail.next = new ListNode(cur2.val);
                newTail = newTail.next;
                cur2 = cur2.next;
            }
        }
        return newHead.next;
    }

6.以给定值x为基准将链表分割成两部分,所有小于x的结点排在大于或等于x的结点之前 。

OJ链接

创建两个链表,一个链表连接大于x的结点,另一个链表连接小于x的结点,最后将两个链表连接即可

    public ListNode partition(ListNode pHead, int x) {
        if (pHead == null) return null;
        if (pHead.next == null) return pHead;
        ListNode smallHead = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode smallTail = smallHead;
        ListNode bigHead = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode bigTail = bigHead;
        ListNode cur = pHead;
        while (cur != null) {
            if (cur.val < x) {
                smallTail.next = new ListNode(cur.val);
                smallTail = smallTail.next;
            }else{
                bigTail.next = new ListNode(cur.val);
                bigTail = bigTail.next;
            }
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        smallTail.next = bigHead.next;
        return smallHead.next;
    }
7.在一个排序的链表中,存在重复的结点,请删除该链表中重复的结点,重复的结点不保留,返回链表头指针。

OJ链接

创建新链表,当cur指向重复的点,循环后移,直至指向不重复的点,再将该点保存在新链表中

    public ListNode deleteDuplication(ListNode pHead){
        if (pHead == null) return null;
        if (pHead.next == null) return pHead;
        ListNode newHead = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode newTail = newHead;
        ListNode cur = pHead;
        while (cur != null) {
            if (cur.next != null && cur.val == cur.next.val   ) {  //&&两边的操作不能调换,因为存在短路
                while (cur.next != null && cur.val == cur.next.val) {
                    cur = cur.next;
                }
                //cur再后移,指向不重复的结点
                cur = cur.next;
            }
            else {
                newTail.next = new ListNode(cur.val);
                newTail = newTail.next;
                cur = cur.next;
            }
        }
        return newHead.next;
    }
8.链表的回文结构。

OJ链接

    public boolean chkPalindrome(ListNode A){
        //找到链表的中间结点
        ListNode mid = midNode(A);
        //中间节点往后 反转
        ListNode B = reverseList(mid);
        //比较
        while (B != null) {
            if (A.val != B.val) {
                return false;
            }
            A = A.next;
            B = B.next;
        }
        return true;
    }

    //找到链表的中间结点
    public ListNode midNode(ListNode head) {
        int length = 0;
        for (ListNode node = head; node != null; node = node.next) {
            length++;
        }
        int offset = length/2;
        for (int i = 0; i < offset; i++) {
            head = head.next;
        }
        return head;
    }

    //链表的反转
    public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
        if (head == null) return null;
        if (head.next == null) return head;
        ListNode prev = null;
        ListNode cur = head;
        ListNode pnext = cur.next;
        ListNode newHead = null;
        while (cur != null) {
            pnext = cur.next;
            if (pnext == null) {
                newHead = cur;
            }
            cur.next = prev; //刚开始prev是空
            prev = cur;
            cur = pnext;
        }
        return newHead;
    }
9.输入两个链表,找出它们相交的起始节点。

OJ链接

得到两个链表的长度,先让较长的链表走差值的步数,两个链表同时走,若存在相同的节点,就是相交的起始结点

    public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
        int lenA = size(headA);
        int lenB = size(headB);
        int k = 0;
        int flg = 1;
        if (lenA>lenB) {
            k = lenA - lenB;
        } else {
            k = lenB - lenA;
            flg = 0;
        }

        if (flg == 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
                headA = headA.next;
            }
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
                headB = headB.next;
            }
        }

        while (headA != null && headB != null) {
            if (headB == headA) {
                return headB;
            }
            headA = headA.next;
            headB = headB.next;
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static int size(ListNode head) {
        int len = 0;
        for (ListNode node = head; node != null; node = node.next) {
            len++;
        }
        return len;
    }

10.给定一个链表,判断链表中是否有环。

OJ链接

快慢指针,快指针走两步,慢指针走一步,(两指针速度差为1即可),当两指针重合时,链表有环

    //判断链表是否有环
    public static boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
        ListNode fast = head;
        ListNode slow = head;
        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
            fast = fast.next.next;
            slow = slow.next;
            if (fast == slow) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

11.给定一个链表,返回链表开始入环的第一个节点。 如果链表无环,则返回 null。

OJ链接

找到快慢指针重合的地方x,一个指针从头节点走,另一个结点从x走,当两指针重合即为入环的第一个结点

    public ListNode detectCycle(ListNode head) {
        ListNode fast = head;
        ListNode slow = head;
        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
            fast = fast.next.next;
            slow = slow.next;
            if (fast == slow) {
                break;
            }
        }

        //不带环的情况
        // fast == slow 不能证明链表带环,比如链表只有一个节点
        if (fast == null || fast.next == null) {
            return null;
        }

        //cur 和 fast 同时走相同的步数
        //循环条件:cur != fast,若一开始 cur = fast说明两者已在入环结点
        ListNode cur = head;
        while (cur != fast) {
            cur = cur.next;
            fast = fast.next;
        }
        return cur;
    }

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