c++primer plus第十五章练习参考答案(自己写的欢迎批评并留言指正)

注意: 凡是注释处就是解决问题的新增或修改后的代码; 思路分析:
第一题:首先两个类种声明互为友元,再在remote类中设置一int成员代表其模式,还要在Rmote类中设置相应的枚举是互动还是常规;在Tv类添加一change(Remote
&remote)友元来访问Remote中的私有成员:remote.state_mode ^= 1;常用于0 1切换;

第二题:利用继承思想,在bad_hmean类应该继承logic_error,并重写what()虚函数
(我没有这样采取,正确的做法应该是这样)

第四题:利用dynamic_cast<>()只能向上转换的特性,如果catch(用基类引用接收);先用派生类来转换判断,如果来的异常是派生类的基类则会转换失败判断为false,执行下一条else
if(); 多说一句,如果有多个派生类,那么要用最低层的派生类来判断,逐级else if();

eg:(假如d 继承c,c继承b,b继承a)
a *a_;
b*b_;
c*c_;
d*d_;
catch (a & bad)
	{
		cout << bad.what();
		if (d_ = dynamic_cast<d::nbad_index *>(&bad))//L=null则是尝试向下转换,利用了只能向上转换的特性
		{
			...
		}
		else if (c_= dynamic_cast<c::bad_index *>(&bad))
		{
			...
		}
	   else if (b_= dynamic_cast<b::bad_index *>(&bad))
		{
			...
		}
		else
		{
		  ...
		}
	}

第一题:

#pragma once
class Remote;//前向申明
class Tv
{
	friend class Remote;//互为友元
	enum { OFF, ON };
	enum { MinVal, MaxVal };
	enum { Atanna, Cable };
	enum { TV, DVD };
private:
	int state;
	int volume;
	int maxchanel;
	int chanel;
	int mode;
	int input;
public:
	Tv(int s= OFF, int mc = 100):state(s),volume(5),maxchanel(mc),chanel(12),mode(Cable),input(DVD) {}
	void onff() { state=(state==ON)?OFF:ON; }
	bool ison() { return state == ON;}
	bool volup();
	bool voldown();
	void chanup();
	void chandown();
	void set_mode() { mode = (mode == Atanna) ? Cable : Atanna; }
	void set_input() { input ^= 1; }
	void settings();
	void change(Remote &remote);//对remote的新成员进行切换
	~Tv();
};

class Remote
{
	friend class Tv;//互为友元
	enum { normal, non };//常规还是互动
public:
	Remote(int m = Tv::TV,int s=normal) :mode(m),state_mode(s) {}
	bool volup(Tv&t) { return t.volup(); }
	bool voldown(Tv&t) { return t.voldown(); }
	void onff(Tv&t){ t.onff();}
	void chanup(Tv&t) { t.chanup(); }
	void chandown(Tv&t) { t.chandown(); }
	void set_mode(Tv&t) { t.set_mode(); }
	void set_chanal(Tv&t, int c) { t.chanel = c; }
	void set_input(Tv&t) { t.set_input(); }
	void dispaly_stamode()const;//显示模式
	~Remote() {}
	

private:
	int mode;
	int state_mode;//新成员

};
#include "pch.h"
#include "Tv.h"
#include <iostream>
bool Tv::volup()
{
	if (volume<MaxVal)
	{
		volume++;
		return true;
	}
	else
	return false;
}

bool Tv::voldown()
{
	if (volume >MinVal)
	{
		volume--;
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}

void Tv::chanup()
{
	if (chanel < maxchanel)
	{
		chanel++;
	}
	else
		chanel = 1;
}

void Tv::chandown()
{
	if (chanel>1)
	{
		chanel--;
	}
	else
		chanel = maxchanel;
}

void Tv::settings()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;
	cout << "TV is" << (state == OFF ? "OFF" : "ON") << endl;
	if (state==ON)
	{
		cout << "声音:" << volume << endl;
		cout << "频道:" << chanel << endl;
		cout << "模式:" << (mode == Atanna ? "有线电视" : "无线电视") << endl;
		cout << "TV/DVD:" << (input == TV ? "TV" : "DVD") << endl;
	}
}

void Tv::change(Remote & remote)
{
	if (state==ON)
	{
		remote.state_mode ^= 1;
	}
	return;
}

Tv::~Tv()
{
}

void Remote::dispaly_stamode()const
{
	std::cout << "常规还是互动: " << (state_mode==normal?"normal":"non") << std::endl;
}

测试文件:只打开test 1的注释
// 练习:友元和异常.cpp : 此文件包含 “main” 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//

#include "pch.h"
#include "Tv.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "exc_mean.h"
#include "sales.h"
using namespace std;
//isdigit()判断一个字符是否数字,  isalnum()判断是否为英文字母或数字,isalpha()判断是否英文字母#include <cctype>
bool isValidNumber(string a, string b)
{

	for (int i = 0;i < a.size();i++)
	{
		if (a[0] == '-')
		{
			continue;    //特殊处理
		}
		if (a[i] > '0'&&a[i] < '9')
		{
			continue;
		}
		else
			return false;

	}

	for (int i = 0;i < b.size();i++)
	{
		if (b[0] == '-')
		{
			continue;    //特殊处理
		}
		if (b[i] > '0'&&b[i] < '9')
		{
			continue;
		}
		else
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

double hmean(double a, double b)
{
	if (a == -b)
		throw bad_hmeam("hmeam()","in bad_hmeam::hmeam()");
	return (a*b) / (a + b);
}

double gmean(double a, double b)
{
	if (a < 0 || b < 0)
		throw bad_gmean("gmean" , "in bad_gmeam::gmeam()");
	return sqrt(a*b);
}




int main()
{
	/*         
	//test 1	
	Tv s42;
	cout << "初始化设置: " << endl;
	s42.settings();
	s42.onff();
	s42.chanup();
	s42.chanup();
	s42.volup();
	cout << "改变后的状态: " << endl<<endl;
	s42.settings();
	Remote remote;
	cout << "遥控: " << endl << endl;
	remote.set_chanal(s42, 10);
	remote.voldown(s42);
	s42.settings();

	cout << "遥控模式变化前: " << endl << endl;
	remote.dispaly_stamode();
	cout << "遥控模式变化后: " << endl << endl;
	s42.change(remote);
	remote.dispaly_stamode();
	*/

/*
   //test 2
	string x, y;
	double z;
	cout << "输入两个数" << endl;
	while (cin >> x >> y)
	{
		if (isValidNumber(x, y))
		{
			double a = stod(x);
			double b = stod(y);


			try
			{
				z = hmean(a, b);
				cout << x << "and" << y << "of hmean() is: " << z << endl;
				cout << "but" << x << "and" << y << "of gmean() is: " << gmean(a, b) << endl;
				cout << "enter next set of numbers <q to quit>" << endl;
			}
			catch (bad_hmeam& bg)
			{
				cout << bg.what() << "and ";

				bg.mesg();
				cout << "try again" << endl;

			}
			catch (bad_gmean& e)
			{
				cout<<e.what()<<"and ";
				e.mesg();
				cout << "你不能输入任何东西了" << endl;
				continue;
			}
		}

		else
		{
			cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
			continue;
		}
	}
	*/

/*test4
	double vals1[12] =
	{
			1220, 1100, 1122, 2212, 1232, 2334,
			2884, 2393, 3302, 2922, 3002, 3544
	};
	double vals2[12] =
	{
			12, 11, 22, 21, 32, 34,
			28, 29, 33, 29, 32, 35
	};

	Sales sales1(2011, vals1, 12);
	LabeledSales sales2("Blogstar", 2012, vals2, 12);
	Sales::bad_index * S;
	LabeledSales::nbad_index * L;

	cout << "First try block:\n";
	try
	{
		int i;
		cout << "Year = " << sales1.Year() << endl;
		for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
		{
			cout << sales1[i] << ' ';
			if (i % 6 == 5)
				cout << endl;
		}
		cout << "Year = " << sales2.Year() << endl;
		cout << "Label = " << sales2.Label() << endl;
		for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
		{
			cout << sales2[i] << ' ';
			if (i % 6 == 5)
				cout << endl;
		}
		cout << "End of try block 1.\n";
	}

	

	catch (Sales::bad_index & bad)
	{
		cout << bad.what();
		if (L = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))//L=null则是尝试向下转换,利用了只能向上转换的特性
		{
			cout << "Company: " << L->label_val() << endl;
			cout << "Bad index: " << L->bi_val() << endl;
		}
		else if (S = dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))
		{
			cout << "Bad index: " << S->bi_val() << endl;
		}
	}
	cout << "\nNext try block:\n";
	try
	{
		sales2[2] = 37.5;
		sales1[20] = 23345;
		cout << "End of try block 2.\n";
	}
	catch (Sales::bad_index & bad)
	{
		cout << bad.what();
		if (L = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))
		{
			cout << "Company: " << L->label_val() << endl;
			cout << "Bad index: " << L->bi_val() << endl;
		}
		else if (S = dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))
		{
			cout << "Bad index: " << S->bi_val() << endl;
		}
	}
	*/
	cout << "done\n";
	return 0;
}

第二题:打开test2的注释

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class bad_hmeam:public logic_error//派生
{
private:
	string str;

public:
	bad_hmeam(const string&s="hmeam()",const string &name="in bad_hmeam::hmeam()" ):str(s),logic_error(name) {}
	void mesg();//logic_error(name)这里相当于重写了logic_error::what();
	~bad_hmeam() {}
};

class bad_gmean:public logic_error
{
public:
	string str;

public:
	bad_gmean(const string&s = "gmeam()", const string &name = "in bad_gmeam::gmeam()") :str(s), logic_error(name) {}
	~bad_gmean() { ; }
	void mesg();
};
#include "pch.h"
#include "exc_mean.h"

void bad_hmeam::mesg()
{
	std::cout <<"two number should be invalid :a=-b" << endl;
}

void bad_gmean::mesg()
{
	std::cout << "two number should be >=0" << endl;
}

第三题没做和第二题类似
第四题:打开test4的注释

#pragma once
//清单15.14
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

class Sales
{
public:
	enum { MONTHS = 12 };;
	class bad_index : public std::logic_error
	{
	private:
		int bi;
	public:
		explicit bad_index(int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in Sales object\n");
		int bi_val() const { return bi; }
		virtual ~bad_index() throw() {}
	};
	explicit Sales(int yy = 0);
	Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n);
	virtual ~Sales() {}
	int Year() const { return year; }
	virtual double operator[](int i) const;
	virtual double & operator[](int i);
private:
	double gross[MONTHS];
	int year;
};

class LabeledSales : public Sales
{
public:
	class nbad_index : public Sales::bad_index
	{
	private:
		std::string lbl;
	public:
		nbad_index(const std::string & lb, int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in LabeledSales object\n");
		const std::string & label_val() const { return lbl; }
		virtual ~nbad_index() throw() {}
	};
	explicit LabeledSales(const std::string & lb = "none", int yy = 0);
	LabeledSales(const std::string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n);
	virtual ~LabeledSales() {}
	const std::string & Label() const { return label; }
	virtual double operator[](int i) const;
	virtual double & operator[](int i);
private:
	std::string label;
};
#include "pch.h"
//清单15.14
// 清单15.15
#include "sales.h"
using std::string;

Sales::bad_index::bad_index(int ix, const string & s) : std::logic_error(s), bi(ix)
{
}

Sales::Sales(int yy)
{
	year = yy;
	for (int i = 0; i < MONTHS; i++)
	{
		gross[i] = 0;
	}
}

Sales::Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n)
{
	year = yy;
	int lim = (n < MONTHS) ? n : MONTHS;
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < lim; ++i)
	{
		gross[i] = gr[i];
	}
	for (; i < MONTHS; ++i)
	{
		gross[i] = 0;
	}
}

double Sales::operator[](int i) const
{
	if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
	{
		throw bad_index(i);
	}
	return gross[i];
}

double & Sales::operator[](int i)
{
	if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
	{
		throw bad_index(i);
	}
	return gross[i];
}

LabeledSales::nbad_index::nbad_index(const string & lb, int ix, const string & s) : Sales::bad_index(ix, s)
{
	lbl = lb;
}

LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy) : Sales(yy)
{
	label = lb;
}

LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n) : Sales(yy, gr, n)
{
	label = lb;
}

double LabeledSales::operator[](int i) const
{
	if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
	{
		throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
	}
	return Sales::operator[](i);
}

double & LabeledSales::operator[](int i)
{
	if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
	{
		throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
	}
	return Sales::operator[](i);
}
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