注意: 凡是注释处就是解决问题的新增或修改后的代码; 思路分析:
第一题:首先两个类种声明互为友元,再在remote类中设置一int成员代表其模式,还要在Rmote类中设置相应的枚举是互动还是常规;在Tv类添加一change(Remote
&remote)友元来访问Remote中的私有成员:remote.state_mode ^= 1;常用于0 1切换;第二题:利用继承思想,在bad_hmean类应该继承logic_error,并重写what()虚函数
(我没有这样采取,正确的做法应该是这样)第四题:利用dynamic_cast<>()只能向上转换的特性,如果catch(用基类引用接收);先用派生类来转换判断,如果来的异常是派生类的基类则会转换失败判断为false,执行下一条else
if(); 多说一句,如果有多个派生类,那么要用最低层的派生类来判断,逐级else if();
eg:(假如d 继承c,c继承b,b继承a)
a *a_;
b*b_;
c*c_;
d*d_;
catch (a & bad)
{
cout << bad.what();
if (d_ = dynamic_cast<d::nbad_index *>(&bad))//L=null则是尝试向下转换,利用了只能向上转换的特性
{
...
}
else if (c_= dynamic_cast<c::bad_index *>(&bad))
{
...
}
else if (b_= dynamic_cast<b::bad_index *>(&bad))
{
...
}
else
{
...
}
}
第一题:
#pragma once
class Remote;//前向申明
class Tv
{
friend class Remote;//互为友元
enum { OFF, ON };
enum { MinVal, MaxVal };
enum { Atanna, Cable };
enum { TV, DVD };
private:
int state;
int volume;
int maxchanel;
int chanel;
int mode;
int input;
public:
Tv(int s= OFF, int mc = 100):state(s),volume(5),maxchanel(mc),chanel(12),mode(Cable),input(DVD) {}
void onff() { state=(state==ON)?OFF:ON; }
bool ison() { return state == ON;}
bool volup();
bool voldown();
void chanup();
void chandown();
void set_mode() { mode = (mode == Atanna) ? Cable : Atanna; }
void set_input() { input ^= 1; }
void settings();
void change(Remote &remote);//对remote的新成员进行切换
~Tv();
};
class Remote
{
friend class Tv;//互为友元
enum { normal, non };//常规还是互动
public:
Remote(int m = Tv::TV,int s=normal) :mode(m),state_mode(s) {}
bool volup(Tv&t) { return t.volup(); }
bool voldown(Tv&t) { return t.voldown(); }
void onff(Tv&t){ t.onff();}
void chanup(Tv&t) { t.chanup(); }
void chandown(Tv&t) { t.chandown(); }
void set_mode(Tv&t) { t.set_mode(); }
void set_chanal(Tv&t, int c) { t.chanel = c; }
void set_input(Tv&t) { t.set_input(); }
void dispaly_stamode()const;//显示模式
~Remote() {}
private:
int mode;
int state_mode;//新成员
};
#include "pch.h"
#include "Tv.h"
#include <iostream>
bool Tv::volup()
{
if (volume<MaxVal)
{
volume++;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
bool Tv::voldown()
{
if (volume >MinVal)
{
volume--;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
void Tv::chanup()
{
if (chanel < maxchanel)
{
chanel++;
}
else
chanel = 1;
}
void Tv::chandown()
{
if (chanel>1)
{
chanel--;
}
else
chanel = maxchanel;
}
void Tv::settings()
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "TV is" << (state == OFF ? "OFF" : "ON") << endl;
if (state==ON)
{
cout << "声音:" << volume << endl;
cout << "频道:" << chanel << endl;
cout << "模式:" << (mode == Atanna ? "有线电视" : "无线电视") << endl;
cout << "TV/DVD:" << (input == TV ? "TV" : "DVD") << endl;
}
}
void Tv::change(Remote & remote)
{
if (state==ON)
{
remote.state_mode ^= 1;
}
return;
}
Tv::~Tv()
{
}
void Remote::dispaly_stamode()const
{
std::cout << "常规还是互动: " << (state_mode==normal?"normal":"non") << std::endl;
}
测试文件:只打开test 1的注释
// 练习:友元和异常.cpp : 此文件包含 “main” 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//
#include "pch.h"
#include "Tv.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "exc_mean.h"
#include "sales.h"
using namespace std;
//isdigit()判断一个字符是否数字, isalnum()判断是否为英文字母或数字,isalpha()判断是否英文字母#include <cctype>
bool isValidNumber(string a, string b)
{
for (int i = 0;i < a.size();i++)
{
if (a[0] == '-')
{
continue; //特殊处理
}
if (a[i] > '0'&&a[i] < '9')
{
continue;
}
else
return false;
}
for (int i = 0;i < b.size();i++)
{
if (b[0] == '-')
{
continue; //特殊处理
}
if (b[i] > '0'&&b[i] < '9')
{
continue;
}
else
return false;
}
return true;
}
double hmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a == -b)
throw bad_hmeam("hmeam()","in bad_hmeam::hmeam()");
return (a*b) / (a + b);
}
double gmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a < 0 || b < 0)
throw bad_gmean("gmean" , "in bad_gmeam::gmeam()");
return sqrt(a*b);
}
int main()
{
/*
//test 1
Tv s42;
cout << "初始化设置: " << endl;
s42.settings();
s42.onff();
s42.chanup();
s42.chanup();
s42.volup();
cout << "改变后的状态: " << endl<<endl;
s42.settings();
Remote remote;
cout << "遥控: " << endl << endl;
remote.set_chanal(s42, 10);
remote.voldown(s42);
s42.settings();
cout << "遥控模式变化前: " << endl << endl;
remote.dispaly_stamode();
cout << "遥控模式变化后: " << endl << endl;
s42.change(remote);
remote.dispaly_stamode();
*/
/*
//test 2
string x, y;
double z;
cout << "输入两个数" << endl;
while (cin >> x >> y)
{
if (isValidNumber(x, y))
{
double a = stod(x);
double b = stod(y);
try
{
z = hmean(a, b);
cout << x << "and" << y << "of hmean() is: " << z << endl;
cout << "but" << x << "and" << y << "of gmean() is: " << gmean(a, b) << endl;
cout << "enter next set of numbers <q to quit>" << endl;
}
catch (bad_hmeam& bg)
{
cout << bg.what() << "and ";
bg.mesg();
cout << "try again" << endl;
}
catch (bad_gmean& e)
{
cout<<e.what()<<"and ";
e.mesg();
cout << "你不能输入任何东西了" << endl;
continue;
}
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
continue;
}
}
*/
/*test4
double vals1[12] =
{
1220, 1100, 1122, 2212, 1232, 2334,
2884, 2393, 3302, 2922, 3002, 3544
};
double vals2[12] =
{
12, 11, 22, 21, 32, 34,
28, 29, 33, 29, 32, 35
};
Sales sales1(2011, vals1, 12);
LabeledSales sales2("Blogstar", 2012, vals2, 12);
Sales::bad_index * S;
LabeledSales::nbad_index * L;
cout << "First try block:\n";
try
{
int i;
cout << "Year = " << sales1.Year() << endl;
for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
{
cout << sales1[i] << ' ';
if (i % 6 == 5)
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Year = " << sales2.Year() << endl;
cout << "Label = " << sales2.Label() << endl;
for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
{
cout << sales2[i] << ' ';
if (i % 6 == 5)
cout << endl;
}
cout << "End of try block 1.\n";
}
catch (Sales::bad_index & bad)
{
cout << bad.what();
if (L = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))//L=null则是尝试向下转换,利用了只能向上转换的特性
{
cout << "Company: " << L->label_val() << endl;
cout << "Bad index: " << L->bi_val() << endl;
}
else if (S = dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))
{
cout << "Bad index: " << S->bi_val() << endl;
}
}
cout << "\nNext try block:\n";
try
{
sales2[2] = 37.5;
sales1[20] = 23345;
cout << "End of try block 2.\n";
}
catch (Sales::bad_index & bad)
{
cout << bad.what();
if (L = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))
{
cout << "Company: " << L->label_val() << endl;
cout << "Bad index: " << L->bi_val() << endl;
}
else if (S = dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))
{
cout << "Bad index: " << S->bi_val() << endl;
}
}
*/
cout << "done\n";
return 0;
}
第二题:打开test2的注释
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class bad_hmeam:public logic_error//派生
{
private:
string str;
public:
bad_hmeam(const string&s="hmeam()",const string &name="in bad_hmeam::hmeam()" ):str(s),logic_error(name) {}
void mesg();//logic_error(name)这里相当于重写了logic_error::what();
~bad_hmeam() {}
};
class bad_gmean:public logic_error
{
public:
string str;
public:
bad_gmean(const string&s = "gmeam()", const string &name = "in bad_gmeam::gmeam()") :str(s), logic_error(name) {}
~bad_gmean() { ; }
void mesg();
};
#include "pch.h"
#include "exc_mean.h"
void bad_hmeam::mesg()
{
std::cout <<"two number should be invalid :a=-b" << endl;
}
void bad_gmean::mesg()
{
std::cout << "two number should be >=0" << endl;
}
第三题没做和第二题类似
第四题:打开test4的注释
#pragma once
//清单15.14
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
class Sales
{
public:
enum { MONTHS = 12 };;
class bad_index : public std::logic_error
{
private:
int bi;
public:
explicit bad_index(int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in Sales object\n");
int bi_val() const { return bi; }
virtual ~bad_index() throw() {}
};
explicit Sales(int yy = 0);
Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n);
virtual ~Sales() {}
int Year() const { return year; }
virtual double operator[](int i) const;
virtual double & operator[](int i);
private:
double gross[MONTHS];
int year;
};
class LabeledSales : public Sales
{
public:
class nbad_index : public Sales::bad_index
{
private:
std::string lbl;
public:
nbad_index(const std::string & lb, int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in LabeledSales object\n");
const std::string & label_val() const { return lbl; }
virtual ~nbad_index() throw() {}
};
explicit LabeledSales(const std::string & lb = "none", int yy = 0);
LabeledSales(const std::string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n);
virtual ~LabeledSales() {}
const std::string & Label() const { return label; }
virtual double operator[](int i) const;
virtual double & operator[](int i);
private:
std::string label;
};
#include "pch.h"
//清单15.14
// 清单15.15
#include "sales.h"
using std::string;
Sales::bad_index::bad_index(int ix, const string & s) : std::logic_error(s), bi(ix)
{
}
Sales::Sales(int yy)
{
year = yy;
for (int i = 0; i < MONTHS; i++)
{
gross[i] = 0;
}
}
Sales::Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n)
{
year = yy;
int lim = (n < MONTHS) ? n : MONTHS;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < lim; ++i)
{
gross[i] = gr[i];
}
for (; i < MONTHS; ++i)
{
gross[i] = 0;
}
}
double Sales::operator[](int i) const
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
{
throw bad_index(i);
}
return gross[i];
}
double & Sales::operator[](int i)
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
{
throw bad_index(i);
}
return gross[i];
}
LabeledSales::nbad_index::nbad_index(const string & lb, int ix, const string & s) : Sales::bad_index(ix, s)
{
lbl = lb;
}
LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy) : Sales(yy)
{
label = lb;
}
LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n) : Sales(yy, gr, n)
{
label = lb;
}
double LabeledSales::operator[](int i) const
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
{
throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
}
return Sales::operator[](i);
}
double & LabeledSales::operator[](int i)
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
{
throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
}
return Sales::operator[](i);
}