实时数仓之Maxwell读取MySQL binlog日志到Kafka

1.启动MySQL
2.创建maxwell的数据库和用户
3.在MySQL中创建一个测试数据库和表

前3步详细步骤见实时数仓之Maxwell读取MySQL binlog日志

4.启动zookeeper

[hadoop@hadoop001 ~]$ cd $Z{K}_{H}OME/bin[hadoop@hadoop001bin]$ ./zkServer.sh start
5.启动kafka，并创建主题为maxwell的topic

[hadoop@hadoop001 bin]$ cd $KAFK{A}_{H}OME//查看kafka版本，防止maxwell不支持[hadoop@hadoop001kafka]$ find ./libs/ -name *kafka_* | head -1 | grep -o ‘\kafka[^\n]*’
kafka_2.11-0.10.0.1-sources.jar
//启动kafka-server服务
[hadoop@hadoop001 kafka]$ nohup bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties &
[hadoop@hadoop001 kafka]$ jps
13460 QuorumPeerMain
14952 Jps
13518 Kafka
[hadoop@hadoop001 kafka]$ bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper 192.168.137.2:2181/kafka --replication-factor 1 --partitions 3 --topic maxwell
Created topic “maxwell”.
[hadoop@hadoop001 kafka]$ bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper 192.168.137.2:2181/kafka
__consumer_offsets
maxwell
6.启动kafka的消费者，检查数据到没到位

[hadoop@hadoop001 kafka]$ bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper 192.168.137.2:2181/kafka --topic maxwell --from-beginning
7.启动maxwell进程

//先检查maxwell是否支持kafka-0.10.0.1
[root@hadoop000 ~]# cd /root/app/maxwell-1.17.1/lib/kafka-clients
[root@hadoop001 kafka-clients]# ll
total 5556
-rw-r–r-- 1 yarn games 746207 Jul 3 2018 kafka-clients-0.10.0.1.jar
-rw-r–r-- 1 yarn games 951041 Jul 3 2018 kafka-clients-0.10.2.1.jar
-rw-r–r-- 1 yarn games 1419544 Jul 3 2018 kafka-clients-0.11.0.1.jar
-rw-r–r-- 1 yarn games 324016 Jul 3 2018 kafka-clients-0.8.2.2.jar
-rw-r–r-- 1 yarn games 641408 Jul 3 2018 kafka-clients-0.9.0.1.jar
-rw-r–r-- 1 yarn games 1591338 Jul 3 2018 kafka-clients-1.0.0.jar
//发现支持kafka-0.10.0.1版本，假如没有生产上正在用的kafka版本的jar包，可以直接把这个版本的client jar包copy进来
//启动maxwell
[root@hadoop001 maxwell-1.17.1]# bin/maxwell --user=‘maxwell’ --password=‘maxwell’ --host=‘127.0.0.1’ --producer=kafka --kafka_version=0.10.0.1 --kafka.bootstrap.servers=192.168.137.2:9092 --kafka_topic=maxwell
Using kafka version: 0.10.0.1
10:16:52,979 WARN MaxwellMetrics - Metrics will not be exposed: metricsReportingType not configured.
10:16:53,451 INFO ProducerConfig - ProducerConfig values:
metric.reporters = []
metadata.max.age.ms = 300000
reconnect.backoff.ms = 50
sasl.kerberos.ticket.renew.window.factor = 0.8
bootstrap.servers = [192.168.137.2:9092]
ssl.keystore.type = JKS
sasl.mechanism = GSSAPI
max.block.ms = 60000
interceptor.classes = null
ssl.truststore.password = null
client.id =
ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm = null
request.timeout.ms = 30000
acks = 1
receive.buffer.bytes = 32768
ssl.truststore.type = JKS
retries = 0
ssl.truststore.location = null
ssl.keystore.password = null
send.buffer.bytes = 131072
compression.type = none
metadata.fetch.timeout.ms = 60000
retry.backoff.ms = 100
sasl.kerberos.kinit.cmd = /usr/bin/kinit
buffer.memory = 33554432
timeout.ms = 30000
key.serializer = class org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
sasl.kerberos.service.name = null
sasl.kerberos.ticket.renew.jitter = 0.05
ssl.trustmanager.algorithm = PKIX
block.on.buffer.full = false
ssl.key.password = null
sasl.kerberos.min.time.before.relogin = 60000
connections.max.idle.ms = 540000
max.in.flight.requests.per.connection = 5
metrics.num.samples = 2
ssl.protocol = TLS
ssl.provider = null
ssl.enabled.protocols = [TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, TLSv1]
batch.size = 16384
ssl.keystore.location = null
ssl.cipher.suites = null
security.protocol = PLAINTEXT
max.request.size = 1048576
value.serializer = class org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
ssl.keymanager.algorithm = SunX509
metrics.sample.window.ms = 30000
partitioner.class = class org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.internals.DefaultPartitioner
linger.ms = 0
10:16:53,512 INFO ProducerConfig - ProducerConfig values:
metric.reporters = []
metadata.max.age.ms = 300000
reconnect.backoff.ms = 50
sasl.kerberos.ticket.renew.window.factor = 0.8
bootstrap.servers = [192.168.137.2:9092]
ssl.keystore.type = JKS
sasl.mechanism = GSSAPI
max.block.ms = 60000
interceptor.classes = null
ssl.truststore.password = null
client.id = producer-1
ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm = null
request.timeout.ms = 30000
acks = 1
receive.buffer.bytes = 32768
ssl.truststore.type = JKS
retries = 0
ssl.truststore.location = null
ssl.keystore.password = null
send.buffer.bytes = 131072
compression.type = none
metadata.fetch.timeout.ms = 60000
retry.backoff.ms = 100
sasl.kerberos.kinit.cmd = /usr/bin/kinit
buffer.memory = 33554432
timeout.ms = 30000
key.serializer = class org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
sasl.kerberos.service.name = null
sasl.kerberos.ticket.renew.jitter = 0.05
ssl.trustmanager.algorithm = PKIX
block.on.buffer.full = false
ssl.key.password = null
sasl.kerberos.min.time.before.relogin = 60000
connections.max.idle.ms = 540000
max.in.flight.requests.per.connection = 5
metrics.num.samples = 2
ssl.protocol = TLS
ssl.provider = null
ssl.enabled.protocols = [TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, TLSv1]
batch.size = 16384
ssl.keystore.location = null
ssl.cipher.suites = null
security.protocol = PLAINTEXT
max.request.size = 1048576
value.serializer = class org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
ssl.keymanager.algorithm = SunX509
metrics.sample.window.ms = 30000
partitioner.class = class org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.internals.DefaultPartitioner
linger.ms = 0
10:16:53,516 INFO AppInfoParser - Kafka version : 0.10.0.1
10:16:53,516 INFO AppInfoParser - Kafka commitId : a7a17cdec9eaa6c5
10:16:53,550 INFO Maxwell - Maxwell v1.17.1 is booting (MaxwellKafkaProducer), starting at Position[BinlogPosition[mysql-bin.000016:116360], lastHeartbeat=1552092988288]
10:16:53,730 INFO MysqlSavedSchema - Restoring schema id 1 (last modified at Position[BinlogPosition[mysql-bin.000014:5999], lastHeartbeat=0])
10:16:53,846 INFO BinlogConnectorReplicator - Setting initial binlog pos to: mysql-bin.000016:116360
10:16:53,951 INFO BinaryLogClient - Connected to 127.0.0.1:3306 at mysql-bin.000016/116360 (sid:6379, cid:4)
10:16:53,951 INFO BinlogConnectorLifecycleListener - Binlog connected.
8.MySQL中update一条数据

mysql> update emp set sal=502 where empno=6001;
mysql> update emp set sal=603 where empno=6001;
mysql> create table emp1 select * from emp;
9.查看Kafka的消费者窗口

//对应第一条insert语句
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“update”,“ts”:1552097863,“xid”:89,“commit”:true,“data”:{“empno”:6001,“ename”:“SIWA”,“job”:“DESIGNER”,“mgr”:7001,“hiredate”:“2019-03-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:502.00,“comm”:6000.00,“deptno”:40},“old”:{“sal”:501.00}}
//对应第二条insert语句
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“update”,“ts”:1552097951,“xid”:123,“commit”:true,“data”:{“empno”:6001,“ename”:“SIWA”,“job”:“DESIGNER”,“mgr”:7001,“hiredate”:“2019-03-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:603.00,“comm”:6000.00,“deptno”:40},“old”:{“sal”:502.00}}
//对应建表，相当于在新表emp1里插入了emp表里的所有数据
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:0,“data”:{“empno”:6001,“ename”:“SIWA”,“job”:“DESIGNER”,“mgr”:7001,“hiredate”:“2019-03-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:603.00,“comm”:6000.00,“deptno”:40}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:1,“data”:{“empno”:7369,“ename”:“SMITH”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7902,“hiredate”:“1980-12-17 00:00:00”,“sal”:800.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:2,“data”:{“empno”:7499,“ename”:“ALLEN”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-02-20 00:00:00”,“sal”:1600.00,“comm”:300.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:3,“data”:{“empno”:7521,“ename”:“WARD”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-02-22 00:00:00”,“sal”:1250.00,“comm”:500.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:4,“data”:{“empno”:7566,“ename”:“JONES”,“job”:“MANAGER”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1981-04-02 00:00:00”,“sal”:2975.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:5,“data”:{“empno”:7654,“ename”:“MARTIN”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-09-28 00:00:00”,“sal”:1250.00,“comm”:1400.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:6,“data”:{“empno”:7698,“ename”:“BLAKE”,“job”:“MANAGER”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1981-05-01 00:00:00”,“sal”:2850.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:7,“data”:{“empno”:7782,“ename”:“CLARK”,“job”:“MANAGER”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1981-06-09 00:00:00”,“sal”:2450.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:10}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:8,“data”:{“empno”:7788,“ename”:“SCOTT”,“job”:“ANALYST”,“mgr”:7566,“hiredate”:“1987-04-19 00:00:00”,“sal”:3000.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:9,“data”:{“empno”:7839,“ename”:“KING”,“job”:“PRESIDENT”,“mgr”:0,“hiredate”:“1981-11-17 00:00:00”,“sal”:5000.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:10}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:10,“data”:{“empno”:7844,“ename”:“TURNER”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-09-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:1500.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:11,“data”:{“empno”:7876,“ename”:“ADAMS”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7788,“hiredate”:“1987-05-23 00:00:00”,“sal”:1100.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:12,“data”:{“empno”:7900,“ename”:“JAMES”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-12-03 00:00:00”,“sal”:950.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:13,“data”:{“empno”:7902,“ename”:“FORD”,“job”:“ANALYST”,“mgr”:7566,“hiredate”:“1981-12-03 00:00:00”,“sal”:3000.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“xoffset”:14,“data”:{“empno”:7934,“ename”:“MILLER”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7782,“hiredate”:“1982-01-23 00:00:00”,“sal”:1300.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:10}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552098958,“xid”:435,“commit”:true,“data”:{“empno”:8888,“ename”:“HIVE”,“job”:“PROGRAM”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1988-01-23 00:00:00”,“sal”:10300.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:null}}
数据已经正常过来了

10.maxwell的过滤功能
参考过滤配置：http://maxwells-daemon.io/filtering/

[root@hadoop001 maxwell-1.17.1]# bin/maxwell --user=‘maxwell’ --password=‘maxwell’
–host=‘127.0.0.1’ --filter ‘exclude: ., include:hlwtest.emp1’
–producer=kafka --kafka_version=0.10.0.1 --kafka.bootstrap.servers=192.168.137.2:9092 --kafka_topic=maxwell
–filter 'exclude: ., include:hlwtest.emp1’的意思是只监控hlwtest.emp1表的变化，其他的都不监控

//MySQL中update数据
mysql> update emp set sal=730 where empno=6001;
mysql> update emp1 set sal=330 where empno=6001;
mysql> update emp set sal=730 where empno=6001;
mysql> update emp1 set sal=331 where empno=6001;
`

//Kafka消费者接收到的数据
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“update”,“ts”:1552099858,“xid”:916,“commit”:true,“data”:{“empno”:6001,“ename”:“SIWA”,“job”:“DESIGNER”,“mgr”:7001,“hiredate”:“2019-03-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:330.00,“comm”:6000.00,“deptno”:40},“old”:{“sal”:321.00}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp1”,“type”:“update”,“ts”:1552099858,“xid”:922,“commit”:true,“data”:{“empno”:6001,“ename”:“SIWA”,“job”:“DESIGNER”,“mgr”:7001,“hiredate”:“2019-03-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:331.00,“comm”:6000.00,“deptno”:40},“old”:{“sal”:330.00}}
确实只消费到了emp1表的update语句，而没有接收到emp表的更新

11.maxwell 的bootstrap

mysql> insert into maxwell.bootstrap (database_name, table_name) values (“hlwtest”, “emp”);
mysql> select * from maxwell.bootstrap;
±—±--------------±-----------±-------------±------------±--------------±-----------±-----------±--------------------±--------------------±-----------------±----------------±----------+
| id | database_name | table_name | where_clause | is_complete | inserted_rows | total_rows | created_at | started_at | completed_at | binlog_file | binlog_position | client_id |
±—±--------------±-----------±-------------±------------±--------------±-----------±-----------±--------------------±--------------------±-----------------±----------------±----------+
| 1 | hlwtest | emp | NULL | 1 | 16 | 0 | NULL | 2019-03-09 11:33:11 | 2019-03-09 11:33:11 | mysql-bin.000018 | 225498 | maxwell |
±—±--------------±-----------±-------------±------------±--------------±-----------±-----------±--------------------±--------------------±-----------------±----------------±----------+
kafka的消费者窗口：

{“database”:“maxwell”,“table”:“bootstrap”,“type”:“insert”,“ts”:1552102248,“xid”:1555,“commit”:true,“data”:{“id”:1,“database_name”:“hlwtest”,“table_name”:“emp”,“where_clause”:null,“is_complete”:0,“inserted_rows”:0,“total_rows”:0,“created_at”:null,“started_at”:null,“completed_at”:null,“binlog_file”:null,“binlog_position”:0,“client_id”:“maxwell”}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-start”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:6001,“ename”:“SIWA”,“job”:“DESIGNER”,“mgr”:7001,“hiredate”:“2019-03-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:730.00,“comm”:6000.00,“deptno”:40}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7369,“ename”:“SMITH”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7902,“hiredate”:“1980-12-17 00:00:00”,“sal”:800.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7499,“ename”:“ALLEN”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-02-20 00:00:00”,“sal”:1600.00,“comm”:300.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7521,“ename”:“WARD”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-02-22 00:00:00”,“sal”:1250.00,“comm”:500.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7566,“ename”:“JONES”,“job”:“MANAGER”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1981-04-02 00:00:00”,“sal”:2975.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7654,“ename”:“MARTIN”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-09-28 00:00:00”,“sal”:1250.00,“comm”:1400.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7698,“ename”:“BLAKE”,“job”:“MANAGER”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1981-05-01 00:00:00”,“sal”:2850.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7782,“ename”:“CLARK”,“job”:“MANAGER”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1981-06-09 00:00:00”,“sal”:2450.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:10}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7788,“ename”:“SCOTT”,“job”:“ANALYST”,“mgr”:7566,“hiredate”:“1987-04-19 00:00:00”,“sal”:3000.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7839,“ename”:“KING”,“job”:“PRESIDENT”,“mgr”:0,“hiredate”:“1981-11-17 00:00:00”,“sal”:5000.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:10}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7844,“ename”:“TURNER”,“job”:“SALESMAN”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-09-08 00:00:00”,“sal”:1500.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7876,“ename”:“ADAMS”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7788,“hiredate”:“1987-05-23 00:00:00”,“sal”:1100.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7900,“ename”:“JAMES”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7698,“hiredate”:“1981-12-03 00:00:00”,“sal”:950.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:30}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7902,“ename”:“FORD”,“job”:“ANALYST”,“mgr”:7566,“hiredate”:“1981-12-03 00:00:00”,“sal”:3000.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:20}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:7934,“ename”:“MILLER”,“job”:“CLERK”,“mgr”:7782,“hiredate”:“1982-01-23 00:00:00”,“sal”:1300.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:10}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-insert”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:{“empno”:8888,“ename”:“HIVE”,“job”:“PROGRAM”,“mgr”:7839,“hiredate”:“1988-01-23 00:00:00”,“sal”:10300.00,“comm”:0.00,“deptno”:null}}
{“database”:“maxwell”,“table”:“bootstrap”,“type”:“update”,“ts”:1552102391,“xid”:1617,“commit”:true,“data”:{“id”:1,“database_name”:“hlwtest”,“table_name”:“emp”,“where_clause”:null,“is_complete”:1,“inserted_rows”:16,“total_rows”:0,“created_at”:null,“started_at”:“2019-03-09 11:33:11”,“completed_at”:“2019-03-09 11:33:11”,“binlog_file”:“mysql-bin.000018”,“binlog_position”:225498,“client_id”:“maxwell”},“old”:{“is_complete”:0,“inserted_rows”:1,“completed_at”:null}}
{“database”:“hlwtest”,“table”:“emp”,“type”:“bootstrap-complete”,“ts”:1552102391,“data”:

转载至作者：若泽数据_白面葫芦娃92
原文：https://www.jianshu.com/p/632260706c21