Callable Future FutureTask

并发包下边的三个可以异步计算的工具类
Callable
实现线程的一种方式，带有返回值
Future
带有返回值的的接口
FutureTask
具体的实现类

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1.Callable和Runnable的区别

Callable

public interface Callable<V> {
　　V call() throws Exception;
}

Runnable

interface Runnable {
　　public abstract void run();
}

很明显能看到区别：
1.Callable能接受一个泛型，然后在call方法中返回一个这个类型的值。而Runnable的run方法没有返回值
2.Callable的call方法可以抛出异常，而Runnable的run方法不会抛出异常。

2.Future
返回值Future也是一个接口，通过他可以获得任务执行的返回值。

public interface Future<V> {
　　boolean cancel(boolean var1);

　　boolean isCancelled();

　　boolean isDone();

　　V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;

　　V get(long var1, TimeUnit var3) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}

Callable和Future的实践

package coding.multiThread;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        //固定大小线程池使用
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        //创建一个Callable，3秒后返回String类型
        Callable myCallable = new Callable() {

            @Override
            public String call() throws Exception {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                System.out.println("calld方法执行了");
                return "我是call方法返回值";
            }

        };
        System.out.println("提交任务之前 " + getStringDate());
        Future future = executor.submit(myCallable);
        System.out.println("提交任务之后，获取结果之前 " + getStringDate());
        System.out.println("获取返回值: " + future.get());
        System.out.println("获取到结果之后 " + getStringDate());
        //执行完毕关闭线程池
        executor.shutdown();
    }
    
    public static String getStringDate() {
        Date currentTime = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
        String dateString = formatter.format(currentTime);
        return dateString;
    }

执行结果

提交任务之前 18:04:58
提交任务之后，获取结果之前 18:04:58
calld方法执行了
获取返回值: 我是call方法返回值
获取到结果之后 18:05:01

通过上面可以看到get()方法是任务阻塞的，如果有多个任务，阻塞的时间是耗时最多的那个任务的时间。

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FutureTask初步Demo,基础知识补充后续补上

package coding2.review;

import coding.reentrantlock.ThreadPool;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

/**
 * @Date: 2019/10/16 16:07
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class MyTaskDemo implements Callable<Object> {

    private String args1;
    private String args2;
    private MyTaskDemo(String args1, String args2) {
        this.args1 = args1;
        this.args2 = args2;
    }

    @Override
    public Object call() throws Exception {

        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("hello");
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
             result.append(i);
        }
        return result;
    }

    //多个计算任务 使用线程池实现
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<FutureTask<Object>> futureTasks = new ArrayList<>();
        
        for (Integer i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            MyTaskDemo myTaskDemo = new MyTaskDemo(i.toString(), i.toString());
            futureTasks.add(new FutureTask<>(myTaskDemo));
        }

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        for (FutureTask<Object> futureTask : futureTasks) {
            executorService.submit(futureTask);
        }

        executorService.shutdown();

        for (Integer i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try {
                StringBuilder flag = (StringBuilder) futureTasks.get(i).get();
                System.out.println(flag);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    //单个计算任务 使用Threadsh实现
    /*public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyTaskDemo myTaskDemo = new MyTaskDemo("11","22");
        FutureTask<Object> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(myTaskDemo);

        Thread thread = new Thread(futureTask);

        thread.start();
        try {
            boolean result = (boolean) futureTask.get();
            System.out.println(result);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }*/
}

执行结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=65450:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=GBK -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\Person\CodingOne\out\production\CodingOne" coding2.review.MyTaskDemo
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789
hello0123456789

Process finished with exit code 0