mysql安装及登录
1、CentOS7 RPM方式安装MySQL5.7
(1)在官网下载MySQL5.7的包,传到虚拟机
(2)解包到/usr/local下
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /usr/local/mysql/
(3)先限制mariadb相关软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs
(4)rpm安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
进入数据库需要查看密码
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep 'temporary password'
2、CentOS7 通用二进制方式安装MySQL5.7
(1)官网下载mysql二进制的包,传到虚拟机
(2)解包到/usr/local下
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /usr/local/mysql/
(3)新建用户以安全方式运行进程
groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql
(4)安装并初始化mysql
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# tar xf mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
######初始化
[root@localhost local]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
(5)为mysql提供主配置文件
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysql.server
46 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
47 datadir=/data/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql.server
#########开机自启###########
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysql.server on
#########启动服务###########
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql.server
若启动失败,mariadb的配置文件的影响,编辑配置文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
配置环境变量:
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
###########加载配置文件,使配置文件立即生效
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
3、MySQL体系结构。
Mysql是由SQL接口,解析器,优化器,缓存,存储引擎组成的Connectors指的是不同语言中与SQL的交互
Management Serveices & Utilities: 系统管理和控制工具
Connection Pool: 连接池。管理缓冲用户连接,线程处理等需要缓存的需求
SQL Interface: SQL接口,接受用户的SQL命令,并且返回用户需要查询的结果。比如select from就是调
用SQL Interface
Parser: 解析器。SQL命令传递到解析器的时候会被解析器验证和解析。
Optimizer: 查询优化器。SQL语句在查询之前会使用查询优化器对查询进行优化。
Cache和Buffer: 查询缓存。如果查询缓存有命中的查询结果,查询语句就可以直接去查询缓存中取数
据.
Engine :存储引擎。存储引擎是MySql中具体的与文件打交道的子系统
4、使用mysql客户端登录服务器,重置root密码
进入数据库失败,是因为没有配置环境变量
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'0,7B6<s!UX;L'
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'MySQL@123';