Django生鲜项目（三）视图函数view

一、resful api：

https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/restful-architecture.html

二、jsonview和Vue.js插件

：https://www.cnblogs.com/whycxb/p/7126116.html
：https://www.cnblogs.com/alice-fee/p/8038367.html

三、定义视图函数：

1、基本序列化方法

class GoodsListView(View):#rul的关键字获取/获取数据
    def get(self, request):
        """
        通过django的view实现商品列表页
        :param request:
        :return:
        """
        json_list = []
        goods = Goods.objects.all()[:10]
        '''
        for good in goods:
            json_dict = {}
            json_dict["name"] = good.name
            json_dict["category"] = good.category.name
            json_dict["market_price"] = good.market_price
            json_list.append(json_dict)#字段过多时较麻烦
        '''
        '''
        from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        for good in goods:
            json_dict = model_to_dict(good)
            json_list.append(json_dict)

        from django.http import HttpResponse
        import json
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(json_list),content_type="application/json")#json格式，但是时间等不可以序列化
#dump会报错？？？
'''

2、使用serializers

// data_time等字段无法序列化用serializers
        goods = Goods.objects.all()[:10]
        import json
        from django.core import serializers
        json_data = serializers.serialize('json', goods)
        json_data = json.load(json_data)
        from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
        return JsonResponse(json_data,safe=False)#

data_time等字段无法序列化报错Object of type ‘ImageFieldFile’ is not JSON serializable

3、使用Django REST framework：https://www.w3cschool.cn/lxraw/lxraw-pdz435oa.html

setting中配置：‘rest_framework’
rul中配置：from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls
from django.conf.urls import url, include
url(r’goods/$’, GoodsListView.as_view(), name=“goods_list”)，
url(r’^api-auth/’, include(‘rest_framework.urls’, namespace=‘rest_framework’)),
3.1实现序列化

//serializers.py
// from rest_framework import serializers解决序列化
class GoodsSerializer(serializers.Serializer):#方法一
    name = serializers.CharField(required=True,max_length=100 )
    click_name =serializers.IntegerField(default=0)
#通过model继承优化后
class CategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):#继承ModelSerializer
    class Meta:
        model = GoodsCategory#直接通过model做映射
        fields = "__all__"
class GoodsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    category = CategorySerializer()
    class Meta:
        model = Goods
        fields = "__all__"
        
//view.py
class GoodsListView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        goods = Goods.objects.all()[:10]
        goods_serializer = GoodsSerializer(goods,many = True)
        return Response(goods_serializer.data)
#通过mixins优化
class GoodsListView(mixins.ListModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Goods.objects.all()[:10]#取数据
    serializer_class = GoodsSerializer#序列化
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
#省去get的方法：
class GoodsListView( generics.ListCreateAPIView):#ListCreateAPIView封装了get，若没有封装的函数则这边会报错
    queryset = Goods.objects.all()[:10]#取数据
    serializer_class = GoodsSerializer#序列化

3.2实现分页
1.setting里关于rest_framwork配置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
‘PAGE_SIZE’:10,
}
或者不在setting里设置，在view.py 中单独写：

class GoodsPagination(PageNumberPagination):
    page_size = 12
    page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
    page_query_param = "page"
    max_page_size = 100

3.3router简化rul.py

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from goods.views import GoodsListViewSet
router = DefaultRouter()
#配置goods的url
router.register(r'goods', GoodsListViewSet, basename="goods")#base_name不再使用
urlpatterns = [#正则表达式+视图函数名
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),

3.4总结

最上层GenericViewSet由GenericAPIView组成
GenericAPIView只继承APIView，实现序列化等功能打包
GenericAPIView和mixin的函数组合成其他功能函数就是generics，使用时可以省却get等绑定

viewsets也是将ViewSetMixin的函数和GenericAPIView组合，但绑定是在url中实现，可以自己绑定，其次有很多action，功能更多
viewsets和generics已有有现成绑定好的函数

3.5.分页，搜索，排序

#分页
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
from rest_framework import viewsets
#过滤
from .filters import GoodsFilter
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
#查询
from rest_framework import filters
class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    """
    商品列表页, 分页， 搜索， 过滤， 排序
    """
    queryset = Goods.objects.all()#取数据
    serializer_class = GoodsSerializer#序列化
    pagination_class = GoodsPagination#分页
    filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter)#过滤和搜索和排序
    filter_class = GoodsFilter
    search_fields = ('name')#^符号表示必须要以该内容开头，=符号精确搜索，
    ordering_field = ('sold_num')#升序：