python对字符串输入数学表达式实现加减乘除

解决思路

• 首先是遍历处理，将数字和符合提取出来，写入栈中
• 对于乘除运算符先将栈中最后一位弹出运算后再将结果压入
• 对于括号进行递归处理，获取括号内字符串，调用自身得到值

class Solution:
    def calculate(self, character_string):
        str_len = len(character_string)
        # 存取部分数据和
        stack = []
        preSign = '+'
        num = 0
        i = 0
        while i < str_len:  # 以i为计数器遍历字符串
            char = character_string[i]
            if char == ' ':  # 跳过空格
                i = i + 1
                continue
            if char.isdigit():  # 如果是数字
                num = num * 10 + int(char)

            # 如果遇到左括号，递归求出括号内表达式的值
            if char == '(':
                j = i + 1
                counts = 1
                # 截取出括号表达式的值
                while counts > 0:
                	# 这个地方很巧妙，利用counts来成对的取出括号里的表达式
                    if character_string[j] == "(":
                        counts = counts + 1
                    if character_string[j] == ")":
                        counts = counts - 1
                    j = j + 1
                # 剥去一层括号，求括号内表达式的值
                num = self.calculate(character_string[i + 1:j - 1])
                i = j - 1

            if not char.isdigit() or i == str_len - 1:
                if preSign == "+":
                    stack.append(num)
                elif preSign == "-":
                    stack.append(-1 * num)
                elif preSign == "*":
                    tmp = stack.pop()
                    stack.append(tmp * num)

                num = 0
                preSign = char
            i = i + 1
        return sum(stack)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    s = Solution()
	print(s.calculate("(3+4)*(5+(2-3))"))

# return 
28